Tensions Between Policy and Practice in Finnish Biobank Legislation.

In 2012 a new biobanking law came into effect in Finland which, according to some, is one of the most comprehensive and broad national biobanking legislations in the world to date. The law covers both clinical and research collections and provides institutions with great flexibility in terms of transferring existing collections into a biobank. The law also includes provisions for individuals whose samples are stored in the biobank to request information regarding the studies in which the sample has been used. However, this provision also compels biobanks to provide an account of the significance of the research findings to their individual health. This legal provision has created tension between policy and practice in that most biobanks will struggle to interpret and apply this provision in practice. The relationship between the rights and needs to conduct research using biobank material and individual rights of access is sometimes unclear and fraught with interpretational challenges. The derivation of national interpretations of European Directives and Conventions gives rise to what I call interpretive regulatory dissonance. This is expected to be a challenge for harmonizing European and global biobanking activities in the future.