Federica Turati1, Cristina Bosetti1, Jerry Polesel2, Antonella Zucchetto2, Diego Serraino2, Maurizio Montella3, Massimo Libra4, Antonio Galfano5, Carlo La Vecchia6, Alessandra Tavani7. 1. Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy. 2. Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy. 3. Unit of Epidemiology, Istituto Tumori "Fondazione Pascale IRCCS", Naples, Italy. 4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy. 5. Department of Urology, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy. 6. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. 7. Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy. Electronic address: alessandra.tavani@marionegri.it.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To further analyze the relation between coffee, tea, and energy drinks and bladder cancer risk, considering dose, duration, and other time-related factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: A multicentric case-control study on 690 bladder cancer cases and 665 hospital controls was conducted in Italy between 2003 and 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) for bladder cancer were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. Sex-, age-, and tobacco-adjusted ORs were 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-1.94) for current drinkers and 1.69 (95% CI 1.05-2.72) for lifetime drinkers of ≥4 cups/day, compared with non- or occasional coffee drinkers. The corresponding ORs for an increment of 1 cup/day were 1.03 (95% CI 0.96-1.11) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.99-1.15). No association was found between bladder cancer risk and duration or age at starting, and no significant heterogeneity was found according to age and sex, although a slight increased risk emerged in never smokers. Decaffeinated coffee, tea, cola, and energy drinks were not related with bladder cancer risk. CONCLUSION: Our study found no significant relation between coffee and bladder cancer risk after accounting for smoking, although the OR was above unity for high lifetime habit. The lack of dose and duration relationships, however, suggests the absence of a causal relation.
OBJECTIVE: To further analyze the relation between coffee, tea, and energy drinks and bladder cancer risk, considering dose, duration, and other time-related factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: A multicentric case-control study on 690 bladder cancer cases and 665 hospital controls was conducted in Italy between 2003 and 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) for bladder cancer were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. Sex-, age-, and tobacco-adjusted ORs were 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-1.94) for current drinkers and 1.69 (95% CI 1.05-2.72) for lifetime drinkers of ≥4 cups/day, compared with non- or occasional coffee drinkers. The corresponding ORs for an increment of 1 cup/day were 1.03 (95% CI 0.96-1.11) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.99-1.15). No association was found between bladder cancer risk and duration or age at starting, and no significant heterogeneity was found according to age and sex, although a slight increased risk emerged in never smokers. Decaffeinated coffee, tea, cola, and energy drinks were not related with bladder cancer risk. CONCLUSION: Our study found no significant relation between coffee and bladder cancer risk after accounting for smoking, although the OR was above unity for high lifetime habit. The lack of dose and duration relationships, however, suggests the absence of a causal relation.
Authors: Nitin Shivappa; James R Hébert; Valentina Rosato; Marta Rossi; Massimo Libra; Maurizio Montella; Diego Serraino; Carlo La Vecchia Journal: Urology Date: 2016-09-29 Impact factor: 2.649
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