Lei Hou1, Jingmei Jiang1, Boqi Liu1, Wei Han1, Yanping Wu1, Xiaonong Zou1, Philip C Nasca1, Fang Xue1, Yuanli Chen1, Biao Zhang1, Haiyu Pang1, Yuyan Wang1, Zixing Wang1, Junyao Li1. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking increases the risk of numerous cancers; however, an association of smoking with adult gliomas has not been found in a population. METHODS: This case-control study included 4556 glioma cases (ICD-9 code 191.0-191.9) aged ≥ 30 years and 9112 controls from a national survey of smoking and mortality in China in 1989-1991. Controls from 325 255 surviving spouses of all-cause deaths were randomly assigned to cases in each of 103 areas according to sex and age groups at a ratio of 2:1. Smoking information was ascertained retrospectively by interviewing surviving spouses. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders, smoking increased the risk of glioma deaths by 11% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.21). Compared with non-smokers; the increased risk was 9% (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.99-1.20) in men and 16% (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00-1.36) in women. The risk increased with age and doses. For individuals aged ≥ 50 years, smoking was associated with higher risk of glioma death by 25% (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15-1.38); this increased risk for smokers who smoked ≥ 20 cigarettes daily for ≥ 30 years was 53% (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.34-1.74). There were similar findings in both men and women and with either pathology-based or non-pathology-based comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that smoking is associated with glioma deaths in the Chinese population. Long-term heavy smoking could be a factor for risk stratification in individuals attending brain tumor clinics.
BACKGROUND: Smoking increases the risk of numerous cancers; however, an association of smoking with adult gliomas has not been found in a population. METHODS: This case-control study included 4556 glioma cases (ICD-9 code 191.0-191.9) aged ≥ 30 years and 9112 controls from a national survey of smoking and mortality in China in 1989-1991. Controls from 325 255 surviving spouses of all-cause deaths were randomly assigned to cases in each of 103 areas according to sex and age groups at a ratio of 2:1. Smoking information was ascertained retrospectively by interviewing surviving spouses. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders, smoking increased the risk of glioma deaths by 11% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.21). Compared with non-smokers; the increased risk was 9% (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.99-1.20) in men and 16% (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00-1.36) in women. The risk increased with age and doses. For individuals aged ≥ 50 years, smoking was associated with higher risk of glioma death by 25% (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15-1.38); this increased risk for smokers who smoked ≥ 20 cigarettes daily for ≥ 30 years was 53% (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.34-1.74). There were similar findings in both men and women and with either pathology-based or non-pathology-based comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that smoking is associated with glioma deaths in the Chinese population. Long-term heavy smoking could be a factor for risk stratification in individuals attending brain tumor clinics.
Authors: Jimmy T Efird; Gary D Friedman; Stephen Sidney; Arthur Klatsky; Laurel A Habel; Natalia V Udaltsova; Stephen Van den Eeden; Lorene M Nelson Journal: J Neurooncol Date: 2004-05 Impact factor: 4.130
Authors: L Hou; J Jiang; B Liu; P C Nasca; Y Wu; X Zou; W Han; Y Chen; B Zhang; F Xue; H Pang; J Li Journal: Br J Cancer Date: 2014-01-30 Impact factor: 7.640
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