M S Machoki1, A J W Millar2, H Albetyn2, S G Cox2, J Thomas2, A Numanoglu2. 1. Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. stanmugambi@yahoo.co.uk. 2. Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Local anesthetic wound infusion has shown promising results in adults. Its use in children is limited to some centers and there are only a few prospective trials in this group of patients. METHODS: Sub-fascial continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion (CLAWI) (0.2% Bupivacaine) plus intravenous paracetamol and rescue intravenous morphine was compared to: (a) Epidural bupivacaine (EPI) plus paracetamol and rescue intravenous morphine for patients undergoing laparotomy. (b) Intravenous morphine and paracetamol (standard post-operative analgesia-SAPA) in children undergoing Lanz incision laparotomy for complicated appendicitis. 'InfiltralLong', PANJUNK(®) catheters were placed sub-fascially after peritoneal closure for post-operative bupivacaine infusion. Pain scores were recorded regularly by the same blinded pain specialist. The primary outcomes were pain control and total morphine. The secondary outcomes were time to full feeds, mobilization requirement for urinary catheter and complications. RESULTS: Sixty patients (18 laparotomy-CLAWI, 17 laparotomy-EPI and 12 appendectomy-CLAWI, and 13 appendectomy-SAPA) were analyzed. The average pain score was 2.5 (1-4) in the CLAWI groups, 3.0 (1-5) in the EPI group and 3.5 (2-5) in the SAPA group. Morphine requirements were markedly less for CLAWI. SAPA and EPI groups required urinary catheters for longer and took longer to mobilize (average 4 days compared to 2 days for CLAWI). There were no wound or bupivacaine complications in the CLAWI group. CONCLUSION: Continuous subfascial bupivacaine infusion is reliable, safe and effective in paediatric post-operative pain control with considerably reduced opiate requirements.
INTRODUCTION: Local anesthetic wound infusion has shown promising results in adults. Its use in children is limited to some centers and there are only a few prospective trials in this group of patients. METHODS: Sub-fascial continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion (CLAWI) (0.2% Bupivacaine) plus intravenous paracetamol and rescue intravenous morphine was compared to: (a) Epidural bupivacaine (EPI) plus paracetamol and rescue intravenous morphine for patients undergoing laparotomy. (b) Intravenous morphine and paracetamol (standard post-operative analgesia-SAPA) in children undergoing Lanz incision laparotomy for complicated appendicitis. 'InfiltralLong', PANJUNK(®) catheters were placed sub-fascially after peritoneal closure for post-operative bupivacaine infusion. Pain scores were recorded regularly by the same blinded pain specialist. The primary outcomes were pain control and total morphine. The secondary outcomes were time to full feeds, mobilization requirement for urinary catheter and complications. RESULTS: Sixty patients (18 laparotomy-CLAWI, 17 laparotomy-EPI and 12 appendectomy-CLAWI, and 13 appendectomy-SAPA) were analyzed. The average pain score was 2.5 (1-4) in the CLAWI groups, 3.0 (1-5) in the EPI group and 3.5 (2-5) in the SAPA group. Morphine requirements were markedly less for CLAWI. SAPA and EPI groups required urinary catheters for longer and took longer to mobilize (average 4 days compared to 2 days for CLAWI). There were no wound or bupivacaine complications in the CLAWI group. CONCLUSION: Continuous subfascial bupivacaine infusion is reliable, safe and effective in paediatric post-operative pain control with considerably reduced opiate requirements.
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