S Satyanarayana1, S A Nair2, S S Chadha1, G Sharma1, S Yadav1, S Mohanty1, V Kamineni1, N C Wilson1, A D Harries3. 1. International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India. 2. World Health Organization India Country Office, New Delhi, India. 3. The Union, Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Abstract
SETTING: Thirty districts of India. OBJECTIVES: To estimate 1) the proportion of people with cough of ≥2 weeks, 2) those who did not seek care from a health care provider for cough, and 3) their characteristics. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional community-based survey in which 4562 people (aged ≥18 years) were interviewed. RESULTS: Of the 4562 individuals interviewed, 437 (9.5%, 95%CI 7.2-11.8) had cough ≥2 weeks; this was more frequent in those >55 years of age (14%) and in those from districts in eastern (12%) and northern (11%) states of India. Of those with cough, 300 (69%, 95%CI 60-77) had not sought care from any health care provider. Not seeking care was more frequent in people residing in rural areas (73%) compared with urban areas (53%), and in the districts of eastern (82%) and northern (74%) states compared to districts from the southern (46%) and western (54%) states. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly a tenth of those interviewed aged ≥18 years had cough of ≥2 weeks. About two thirds, especially those from rural areas, had not visited a health care provider for the cough. This finding has huge implications for India's current mostly passive case-finding strategy for detecting and controlling tuberculosis.
SETTING: Thirty districts of India. OBJECTIVES: To estimate 1) the proportion of people with cough of ≥2 weeks, 2) those who did not seek care from a health care provider for cough, and 3) their characteristics. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional community-based survey in which 4562 people (aged ≥18 years) were interviewed. RESULTS: Of the 4562 individuals interviewed, 437 (9.5%, 95%CI 7.2-11.8) had cough ≥2 weeks; this was more frequent in those >55 years of age (14%) and in those from districts in eastern (12%) and northern (11%) states of India. Of those with cough, 300 (69%, 95%CI 60-77) had not sought care from any health care provider. Not seeking care was more frequent in people residing in rural areas (73%) compared with urban areas (53%), and in the districts of eastern (82%) and northern (74%) states compared to districts from the southern (46%) and western (54%) states. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly a tenth of those interviewed aged ≥18 years had cough of ≥2 weeks. About two thirds, especially those from rural areas, had not visited a health care provider for the cough. This finding has huge implications for India's current mostly passive case-finding strategy for detecting and controlling tuberculosis.
Entities:
Keywords:
India; case finding; cough; early diagnosis; health-seeking behaviour; symptoms; tuberculosis
Authors: G Sudha; C Nirupa; M Rajasakthivel; S Sivasusbramanian; V Sundaram; S Bhatt; K Subramaniam; E Thiruvalluvan; R Mathew; G Renu; T Santha Journal: Trop Med Int Health Date: 2003-04 Impact factor: 2.622
Authors: A M V Kumar; S Satyanarayana; S Dar Berger; S S Chadha; R J Singh; P Lal; J Tonsing; A D Harries Journal: Public Health Action Date: 2015-03-21
Authors: Karuna D Sagili; Srinath Satyanarayana; Sarabjit S Chadha; Nevin C Wilson; Ajay M V Kumar; Patrick K Moonan; John E Oeltmann; Vineet K Chadha; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Smita Ghosh; Terrence Q Lo; Tyson Volkmann; Matthew Willis; Kalpita Shringarpure; Ravichandra Chinnappa Reddy; Prahlad Kumar; Sreenivas A Nair; Raghuram Rao; Mohammed Yassin; Perry Mwangala; Rony Zachariah; Jamhoih Tonsing; Anthony D Harries; Sunil Khaparde Journal: Glob Health Action Date: 2018 Impact factor: 2.640