Magda Lahorgue Nunes1, Oliviero Bruni2. 1. Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: nunes@pucrs.br. 2. Department of Social Development and Psychology, Universidade La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To review the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and management of insomnia in childhood and adolescence. SOURCES: This was a non-systematic literature review carried out in the PubMed database, from where articles published in the last five years were selected, using the key word "insomnia" and the pediatric age group filter. Additionally, the study also included articles and classic textbooks of the literature on the subject. DATA SYNTHESIS: During childhood, there is a predominance of behavioral insomnia as a form of sleep-onset association disorder (SOAD) and/or limit-setting sleep disorder. Adolescent insomnia is more associated with sleep hygiene problems and delayed sleep phase. Psychiatric (anxiety, depression) or neurodevelopmental disorders (attention deficit disorder, autism, epilepsy) frequently occur in association with or as a comorbidity of insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: Insomnia complaints in children and adolescents should be taken into account and appropriately investigated by the pediatrician, considering the association with several comorbidities, which must also be diagnosed. The main causes of insomnia and triggering factors vary according to age and development level. The therapeutic approach must include sleep hygiene and behavioral techniques and, in individual cases, pharmacological treatment.
OBJECTIVES: To review the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and management of insomnia in childhood and adolescence. SOURCES: This was a non-systematic literature review carried out in the PubMed database, from where articles published in the last five years were selected, using the key word "insomnia" and the pediatric age group filter. Additionally, the study also included articles and classic textbooks of the literature on the subject. DATA SYNTHESIS: During childhood, there is a predominance of behavioral insomnia as a form of sleep-onset association disorder (SOAD) and/or limit-setting sleep disorder. Adolescent insomnia is more associated with sleep hygiene problems and delayed sleep phase. Psychiatric (anxiety, depression) or neurodevelopmental disorders (attention deficit disorder, autism, epilepsy) frequently occur in association with or as a comorbidity of insomnia. CONCLUSIONS:Insomnia complaints in children and adolescents should be taken into account and appropriately investigated by the pediatrician, considering the association with several comorbidities, which must also be diagnosed. The main causes of insomnia and triggering factors vary according to age and development level. The therapeutic approach must include sleep hygiene and behavioral techniques and, in individual cases, pharmacological treatment.
Authors: Miek C Jong; Lydia Ilyenko; Irina Kholodova; Cynthia Verwer; Julia Burkart; Stephan Weber; Thomas Keller; Petra Klement Journal: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Date: 2016-05-08 Impact factor: 2.629
Authors: Alessandro Andreucci; Christian Lund Straszek; Michael Skovdal Rathleff; Clara Guldhammer; Rocio de la Vega; Tonya M Palermo Journal: F1000Res Date: 2020-08-24