Leah A Krischock1, Karlijn J van Stralen2, Enrico Verrina3, E Jane Tizard4, Marjolein Bonthuis5, György Reusz6, Farida K Hussain7, Augustina Jankauskiene8, Gregor Novljan9, Brankica Spasojević-Dimitrijeva10, Ludmila Podracka11, Vera Zaller12, Kitty J Jager5, Franz Schaefer13. 1. Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. 2. ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. k.j.vanstralen@amc.uva.lnl. 3. G Gaslini Hospital, Genova, Italy. 4. Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK. 5. ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 6. Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. 7. Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK. 8. Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. 9. Children's Hospital University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia. 10. University Children Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia. 11. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University (SMU), Bratislava, Slovak Republic. 12. Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 13. University of Heidelberg Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Our aim was to determine the prevalence of sub-target hemoglobin (Hb) levels in children with a renal allograft and to identify potential determinants associated with these Hb levels. METHODS: Data from 3669 children with a functioning renal allograft, aged <18 years between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012, from 20 European countries were retrieved from the ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry, providing 16,170 Hb measurements. RESULTS: According to the NKF/KDOQI classification and the UK-NICE guidelines, 49.8 and 7.8% of the patients, respectively, were anemic. Hb levels were strongly associated with graft function, with Hb levels of 12.6 g/dl in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1, declining to 10.7 g/dl in children with CKD stage 5 (P < 0.001). Higher Hb levels were associated with the use of tacrolimus compared to ciclosporin (0.14 g/dl; 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.27; P = 0.002). Low Hb levels were associated with an increased risk of graft failure (P = 0.01) or combined graft failure and death (P < 0.01), but not with death alone (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Anemia is present in a significant proportion of European pediatric kidney transplant recipients and is associated with renal allograft dysfunction and type of immunosuppressants used. In our patient cohort, higher Hb levels were associated with better graft and patient survival and less hypertension.
BACKGROUND: Our aim was to determine the prevalence of sub-target hemoglobin (Hb) levels in children with a renal allograft and to identify potential determinants associated with these Hb levels. METHODS: Data from 3669 children with a functioning renal allograft, aged <18 years between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012, from 20 European countries were retrieved from the ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry, providing 16,170 Hb measurements. RESULTS: According to the NKF/KDOQI classification and the UK-NICE guidelines, 49.8 and 7.8% of the patients, respectively, were anemic. Hb levels were strongly associated with graft function, with Hb levels of 12.6 g/dl in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1, declining to 10.7 g/dl in children with CKD stage 5 (P < 0.001). Higher Hb levels were associated with the use of tacrolimus compared to ciclosporin (0.14 g/dl; 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.27; P = 0.002). Low Hb levels were associated with an increased risk of graft failure (P = 0.01) or combined graft failure and death (P < 0.01), but not with death alone (not significant). CONCLUSIONS:Anemia is present in a significant proportion of European pediatric kidney transplant recipients and is associated with renal allograft dysfunction and type of immunosuppressants used. In our patient cohort, higher Hb levels were associated with better graft and patient survival and less hypertension.
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