Mian Xie1, Chaosheng He1, Shenhai Wei1. 1. China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been proven that any changes of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-Smad signal transduction pathway will lead to abnormalities of signal transmission and the out of control during cell growth and differentiation, resulting in cancer development. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic values of TGF-β1, Smad2 and Smad4 in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad4 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 85 patients with NSCLC. The relationships among the expression of these proteins, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis were also analyzed. RESULTS: TGF-β1 positive expression was significantly correlated with the late stage and lymph node involvement. No significant association existed between the expression of Smad2 and the clinicopathological characteristics. The lack of Smad4 expression was associated with the advanced tumor stage (P=0.014). Multivariate analysis indicated that lymph node involvement (P=0.001) was an independent prognostic factor in the 85 NSCLC patients. The positive expression levels of TGF-β1 (P=0.032) and N stage (P=0.028) were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for survival among 47 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Adenocarcinoma patients with TGF-β1 positive expression demonstrated an unfavorable survival outcome (P=0.0376). CONCLUSIONS: TGF-β1 may be an independent predictor of survival in resected lung adenocarcinoma patients. .
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been proven that any changes of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-Smad signal transduction pathway will lead to abnormalities of signal transmission and the out of control during cell growth and differentiation, resulting in cancer development. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic values of TGF-β1, Smad2 and Smad4 in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad4 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 85 patients with NSCLC. The relationships among the expression of these proteins, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis were also analyzed. RESULTS: TGF-β1 positive expression was significantly correlated with the late stage and lymph node involvement. No significant association existed between the expression of Smad2 and the clinicopathological characteristics. The lack of Smad4 expression was associated with the advanced tumor stage (P=0.014). Multivariate analysis indicated that lymph node involvement (P=0.001) was an independent prognostic factor in the 85 NSCLCpatients. The positive expression levels of TGF-β1 (P=0.032) and N stage (P=0.028) were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for survival among 47 lung adenocarcinomapatients. Adenocarcinomapatients with TGF-β1 positive expression demonstrated an unfavorable survival outcome (P=0.0376). CONCLUSIONS: TGF-β1 may be an independent predictor of survival in resected lung adenocarcinomapatients. .
非小细胞肺癌TGF-β1、Smad2和Smad4的表达。A:肺鳞癌表达TGF-β1,呈细胞浆阳性(SP,×200);B:肺腺癌表达Smad2,呈细胞核阳性(SP,×200);C:肺鳞癌表达Smad4,呈细胞浆阳性(SP,×400);D:阴性对照(SP,×400)TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad4 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. A: TGF-β1 expression in lung squamous carcinoma (cellular localization in cytoplasm) (×200); B: Smad2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (cellular localization in nucleus) (×200); C: Smad4 expression in lung squamous carcinoma (cellular localization in cytoplasm) (×400); D: Negative control (×400)85例非小细胞肺癌患者的TGF-β1、Smad2和Smad4表达与临床病理指标的关系The correlationship between the expressions of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad4 and clinicopathological characteristics in 85 NSCLCpatients
Influence of TGF-β1 expression on overall survival. A: Influence of TGF-β1 expression on overall survival in NSCLC patients (Kaplan-Meier multivariate analysis); B: Influence of TGF-β1 expression on overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients (Kaplan-Meier multivariate analysis)
Influence of Smad2 and Smad4 expression on overall survival. A : Influence of Smad2 expression on overall survival in NSCLC patients (Kaplan-Meier multivariate analysis); B: Influence of Smad4 expression on overall survival in NSCLC patients (Kaplan-Meier multivariate analysis)
2
85例非小细胞肺癌患者总生存期的多因素分析
Kaplan-Meier multivariate survival analysis in 85 NSCLC patients
Variable
HR (hazard ratio)
95%CI
P
TGF-β1
1.398
0.822-2.378
0.216
Smad2
1.047
0.537-2.038
0.894
Smad4
0.677
0.334-1.370
0.278
Pathologic tumor stage
0.666
0.383-1.158
0.150
N stage
2.415
1.420-4.105
0.001
T stage
0.677
0.396-1.155
0.153
3
47例肺腺癌患者总生存期的多因素分析
Kaplan-Meier multivariate survival analysis in 47 adenocarcinoma patients
Variable
HR
95%CI
P
T stage
0.634
0.318-1.263
0.195
N stage
0.335
0.126-0.890
0.028
Pathologic tumor stage
2.008
0.915-5.899
0.062
TGF-β1
2.126
1.069-4.228
0.032
Smad2
2.353
0.922-6.007
0.074
Smad4
1.478
0.674-3.242
0.330
NSCLC患者TGF-β1表达阴性组和阳性组的生存曲线。A:NSCLC患者TGF-β1表达阴性组和阳性组的生存曲线;B:肺腺癌患者TGF-β1表达阴性组和阳性组的生存曲线Influence of TGF-β1 expression on overall survival. A: Influence of TGF-β1 expression on overall survival in NSCLCpatients (Kaplan-Meier multivariate analysis); B: Influence of TGF-β1 expression on overall survival in lung adenocarcinomapatients (Kaplan-Meier multivariate analysis)NSCLC患者Smad2和Smad4表达阴性组和阳性组的生存曲线。A:NSCLC患者Smad2表达阴性组和阳性组的生存曲线;B:NSCLC患者Smad4表达阴性组和阳性组的生存曲线Influence of Smad2 and Smad4 expression on overall survival. A : Influence of Smad2 expression on overall survival in NSCLCpatients (Kaplan-Meier multivariate analysis); B: Influence of Smad4 expression on overall survival in NSCLCpatients (Kaplan-Meier multivariate analysis)85例非小细胞肺癌患者总生存期的多因素分析Kaplan-Meier multivariate survival analysis in 85 NSCLCpatients47例肺腺癌患者总生存期的多因素分析Kaplan-Meier multivariate survival analysis in 47 adenocarcinomapatients
Authors: K Takei; T Kohno; K Hamada; J Takita; M Noguchi; Y Matsuno; S Hirohashi; H Uezato; J Yokota Journal: Cancer Res Date: 1998-08-15 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Kotaro Shibahara; Mitsuhiko Ota; Masahito Horiguchi; Keiji Yoshinaga; Jonathan Melamed; Daniel B Rifkin Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2012-11-01 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Jin Won Yang; Tran Thi Hien; Sung Chul Lim; Dae Won Jun; Hong Seok Choi; Jung-Hoon Yoon; Il Je Cho; Keon Wook Kang Journal: J Hepatol Date: 2014-02-13 Impact factor: 25.083
Authors: Jasmina S Redzic; Agnieszka A Kendrick; Karim Bahmed; Kristin D Dahl; Chad G Pearson; William A Robinson; Steven E Robinson; Michael W Graner; Elan Z Eisenmesser Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-08-01 Impact factor: 3.240