Douglas J Casa1, Julie K DeMartini2, Michael F Bergeron3, Dave Csillan4, E Randy Eichner5, Rebecca M Lopez6, Michael S Ferrara7, Kevin C Miller8, Francis O'Connor9, Michael N Sawka10, Susan W Yeargin11. 1. University of Connecticut, Storrs. 2. Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT. 3. Youth Sports of the Americas, Birmingham, AL. 4. Ewing High School, NJ. 5. University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. 6. University of South Florida, Tampa. 7. University of New Hampshire, Durham. 8. Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant. 9. Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD. 10. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta. 11. University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To present best-practice recommendations for the prevention, recognition, and treatment of exertional heat illnesses (EHIs) and to describe the relevant physiology of thermoregulation. BACKGROUND: Certified athletic trainers recognize and treat athletes with EHIs, often in high-risk environments. Although the proper recognition and successful treatment strategies are well documented, EHIs continue to plague athletes, and exertional heat stroke remains one of the leading causes of sudden death during sport. The recommendations presented in this document provide athletic trainers and allied health providers with an integrated scientific and clinically applicable approach to the prevention, recognition, treatment of, and return-to-activity guidelines for EHIs. These recommendations are given so that proper recognition and treatment can be accomplished in order to maximize the safety and performance of athletes. RECOMMENDATIONS: Athletic trainers and other allied health care professionals should use these recommendations to establish onsite emergency action plans for their venues and athletes. The primary goal of athlete safety is addressed through the appropriate prevention strategies, proper recognition tactics, and effective treatment plans for EHIs. Athletic trainers and other allied health care professionals must be properly educated and prepared to respond in an expedient manner to alleviate symptoms and minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with these illnesses.
OBJECTIVE: To present best-practice recommendations for the prevention, recognition, and treatment of exertional heat illnesses (EHIs) and to describe the relevant physiology of thermoregulation. BACKGROUND: Certified athletic trainers recognize and treat athletes with EHIs, often in high-risk environments. Although the proper recognition and successful treatment strategies are well documented, EHIs continue to plague athletes, and exertional heat stroke remains one of the leading causes of sudden death during sport. The recommendations presented in this document provide athletic trainers and allied health providers with an integrated scientific and clinically applicable approach to the prevention, recognition, treatment of, and return-to-activity guidelines for EHIs. These recommendations are given so that proper recognition and treatment can be accomplished in order to maximize the safety and performance of athletes. RECOMMENDATIONS: Athletic trainers and other allied health care professionals should use these recommendations to establish onsite emergency action plans for their venues and athletes. The primary goal of athlete safety is addressed through the appropriate prevention strategies, proper recognition tactics, and effective treatment plans for EHIs. Athletic trainers and other allied health care professionals must be properly educated and prepared to respond in an expedient manner to alleviate symptoms and minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with these illnesses.
Authors: Rebecca M Lopez; Douglas J Casa; Katherine A Jensen; Julie K DeMartini; Kelly D Pagnotta; Roberto C Ruiz; Melissa W Roti; Rebecca L Stearns; Lawrence E Armstrong; Carl M Maresh Journal: J Strength Cond Res Date: 2011-11 Impact factor: 3.775
Authors: Robert F Wallace; David Kriebel; Laura Punnett; David H Wegman; C Bruce Wenger; John W Gardner; Richard R Gonzalez Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2005-01 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: Michael F Bergeron; Douglas B McKeag; Douglas J Casa; Priscilla M Clarkson; Randall W Dick; E Randy Eichner; Craig A Horswill; Anthony C Luke; Frederick Mueller; Thayne A Munce; William O Roberts; Thomas W Rowland Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2005-08 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: Susan W Yeargin; Douglas J Casa; Lawrence E Armstrong; Greig Watson; Daniel A Judelson; Eleni Psathas; Sarah L Sparrow Journal: J Strength Cond Res Date: 2006-08 Impact factor: 3.775
Authors: Dieter Leyk; Joachim Hoitz; Clemens Becker; Karl Jochen Glitz; Kai Nestler; Claus Piekarski Journal: Dtsch Arztebl Int Date: 2019-08-05 Impact factor: 5.594
Authors: Kenneth E Games; Zachary K Winkelmann; Kaitlin D McGinnis; Jeremy S McAdam; David D Pascoe; JoEllen M Sefton Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2019-12-26 Impact factor: 2.860
Authors: Yuri Hosokawa; Douglas J Casa; Juli M Trtanj; Luke N Belval; Patricia A Deuster; Sarah M Giltz; Andrew J Grundstein; Michelle D Hawkins; Robert A Huggins; Brenda Jacklitsch; John F Jardine; Hunter Jones; Josh B Kazman; Mark E Reynolds; Rebecca L Stearns; Jennifer K Vanos; Alan L Williams; W Jon Williams Journal: Int J Biometeorol Date: 2019-02-02 Impact factor: 3.787
Authors: Robert A Huggins; Samantha E Scarneo; Douglas J Casa; Luke N Belval; Kate S Carr; George Chiampas; Michael Clayton; Ryan M Curtis; A J Duffy; Alexandra Flury; Matthew Gammons; Yuri Hosokawa; John F Jardine; Cynthia R LaBella; Rachael Oats; Jack W Ransone; Scott R Sailor; Katie Scott; Rebecca L Stearns; Lesley W Vandermark; Timothy Weston Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2017-03-07 Impact factor: 2.860
Authors: Yuri Hosokawa; Elizabeth N Johnson; John F Jardine; Rebecca L Stearns; Douglas J Casa Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2019-05-06 Impact factor: 2.860
Authors: Yuri Hosokawa; Douglas J Casa; Henry Rosenberg; John F Capacchione; Emmanuel Sagui; Sheila Riazi; Luke N Belval; Patricia A Deuster; John F Jardine; Stavros A Kavouras; Elaine C Lee; Kevin C Miller; Sheila M Muldoon; Francis G O'Connor; Scott R Sailor; Nyamkhishig Sambuughin; Rebecca L Stearns; William M Adams; Robert A Huggins; Lesley W Vandermark Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2017-03-07 Impact factor: 2.860