BACKGROUND: The high nicotine dependence is one of the contributing factors to failure of attempts to quit. Moreover, the carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, proportional to the intensity of smoking, is the basis of cardiovascular complications. OBJECTIVES: To describe tobacco consumption and the degree of CO intoxication, as well as to assess nicotine dependence and identify its determinants in a population of adult smokers. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, based on a selfadministered questionnaire and a dosage of CO in expired air among smokers who participated in awareness sessions conducted in public places and academic institutions in the city of Monastir. Multivariate analysis was based on a binary logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 914 smokers participated in our survey whose mean age was 29.5 ± 12.4 years. More than 2/3 of cases (68.7 %) were strongly addicted to nicotine. Heavy smokers (consumption > 20 cigarettes / day) accounted for 28 % of subjects aged under 30 and 59% of older adults (p < 10-4). Determinants of strong tobacco dependence were age of first cigarette ( OR = 0.912 ) , duration of tobacco consumption (OR = 1.059 ) , alcohol consumption (OR = 1.764 ) , sedentarity (OR = 2.024 ) and the rate expired CO (OR = 1.059 ) . The mean rate of exhaled CO was 13.1 ± 11.1 ppm. It was positively correlated with Fagerström score (r = 0.5, p < 10-4) and the number of cigarettes smoked before dosing CO (r = 0.6, p < 10-4). In the contrary, it was negatively correlated to the time elapsed between the last cigarette and the test (r = - 0.2, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study focused on smoking addiction and its determinants. They encourage us to strengthen efforts for effective implementation of the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco control in Tunisia.
BACKGROUND: The high nicotine dependence is one of the contributing factors to failure of attempts to quit. Moreover, the carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, proportional to the intensity of smoking, is the basis of cardiovascular complications. OBJECTIVES: To describe tobacco consumption and the degree of CO intoxication, as well as to assess nicotine dependence and identify its determinants in a population of adult smokers. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, based on a selfadministered questionnaire and a dosage of CO in expired air among smokers who participated in awareness sessions conducted in public places and academic institutions in the city of Monastir. Multivariate analysis was based on a binary logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 914 smokers participated in our survey whose mean age was 29.5 ± 12.4 years. More than 2/3 of cases (68.7 %) were strongly addicted to nicotine. Heavy smokers (consumption > 20 cigarettes / day) accounted for 28 % of subjects aged under 30 and 59% of older adults (p < 10-4). Determinants of strong tobacco dependence were age of first cigarette ( OR = 0.912 ) , duration of tobacco consumption (OR = 1.059 ) , alcohol consumption (OR = 1.764 ) , sedentarity (OR = 2.024 ) and the rate expired CO (OR = 1.059 ) . The mean rate of exhaled CO was 13.1 ± 11.1 ppm. It was positively correlated with Fagerström score (r = 0.5, p < 10-4) and the number of cigarettes smoked before dosing CO (r = 0.6, p < 10-4). In the contrary, it was negatively correlated to the time elapsed between the last cigarette and the test (r = - 0.2, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study focused on smoking addiction and its determinants. They encourage us to strengthen efforts for effective implementation of the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco control in Tunisia.
Authors: Shatha Al Sharbatti; Rizwana B Shaikh; Jayadevan Sreedharan; Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil; Michael Weizman Journal: Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J Date: 2022-05-26