Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Secondary to Mycobacterium kansasii Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is a challenging diagnosis for clinicians in solid organ transplantation. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is so far unreported in this context. We report here the case of a renal transplant recipient who developed Mycobacterium kansasii-associated lymphadenitis complicated by IRIS while undergoing reduction of his immunosuppressive therapy. For IRIS, the patient required low-dose steroids and an increase in global immunosuppression, in association with NTM antibiotherapy. © Copyright 2015 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.