M Janier1, M Unemo2, N Dupin3, G S Tiplica4, R Patel5. 1. STD Clinic, Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP and Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Paris, France. michel.janier@sls.aphp.fr. 2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Orebro, WHO Collaborating Center on Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden. 3. Syphilis National Reference Center, Hôpital Tarnier-Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France. 4. 2nd Dermatologica Clinic, Carol Davila University, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. 5. Department of Genitourinary Medicine, The Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton, UK.