Nitish Mittal1, Jie Pan2, Julie Palmateer3, Lianna Martin4, Arushi Pandya4, Sungita Kumar4, Adaora Ofomata4, Patricia D Hurn5, Timothy Schallert4. 1. College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States. Electronic address: mittal.n@utexas.edu. 2. Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, PR China; Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States. 3. Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States. 5. Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; University of Texas System, Austin, TX, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stroke survivors suffer from persistent disability, as well as severe sensorimotor and cognitive deficits. The preclinical assessment of such deficits is important for the development of novel interventions and therapeutics. NEW METHOD: The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative behavioral measure of hindlimb functionality in rodents, which could be used to assess deficits after a neural injury, such as stroke. Here we introduce a test to measure long jump behavior in mice. RESULTS: Using this test we first showed that while male and female mice exhibited no differences in jump success rate, the female mice showed lower baseline jumping latencies. Next we demonstrated that the induction of a cerebral stroke via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 45min did not affect the jump success rate in either group; however, it did significantly increase jump latencies in both male and female mice. Finally, we used therapeutic interventions to explore mechanisms that may be involved in producing this increase in jump latency by administering the anti-depressant fluoxetine prior to the long jump assay, and also tested for potential changes in anxiety levels after stroke. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: Other methods to assess hindlimb functionality are not specific, because they measure behaviors that rely not only on hindlimbs, but also on forelimbs and tail. CONCLUSIONS: This study introduces a novel assay that can be used to measure a stroke induced behavioral deficit with great sensitivity, and raises interesting questions about potential mechanisms regulating this effect.
BACKGROUND:Stroke survivors suffer from persistent disability, as well as severe sensorimotor and cognitive deficits. The preclinical assessment of such deficits is important for the development of novel interventions and therapeutics. NEW METHOD: The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative behavioral measure of hindlimb functionality in rodents, which could be used to assess deficits after a neural injury, such as stroke. Here we introduce a test to measure long jump behavior in mice. RESULTS: Using this test we first showed that while male and female mice exhibited no differences in jump success rate, the female mice showed lower baseline jumping latencies. Next we demonstrated that the induction of a cerebral stroke via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 45min did not affect the jump success rate in either group; however, it did significantly increase jump latencies in both male and female mice. Finally, we used therapeutic interventions to explore mechanisms that may be involved in producing this increase in jump latency by administering the anti-depressant fluoxetine prior to the long jump assay, and also tested for potential changes in anxiety levels after stroke. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: Other methods to assess hindlimb functionality are not specific, because they measure behaviors that rely not only on hindlimbs, but also on forelimbs and tail. CONCLUSIONS: This study introduces a novel assay that can be used to measure a stroke induced behavioral deficit with great sensitivity, and raises interesting questions about potential mechanisms regulating this effect.
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