Recurrence of Liver Transplantation Combined With Lung and Diaphragm Resection for Alveolar Echinococcosis: A Case Report.

Liver transplantation (LT) for alveolar echinococcosis (AE) with multiple-organ involvement is controversial. We report on a 31-year-old female patient suffering from AE with liver, lung, and diaphragm involvement. After an "extended" resection (liver, lung, and diaphragm were performed) combined with LT, recurrence still occurred after 6 years and the patient presented with hemoptysis. Puncture, aspiration, injection, reaspiration, and drainage (PAIRD) were performed and the effect was instantaneous. To our knowledge, no such surgical strategy for AE has previously been reported. In spite of the high risk of recurrence, choosing this surgical method is acceptable for a fatal AE and the recurrence could be controlled.