OBJECTIVE: Due to the increased availability of effective treatments, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) now have longer survival times, and factors involved in cumulative chronic damage in SLE need to be better understood. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between smoking and cumulative chronic damage in SLE patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of SLE patients was performed to investigate the possible association between smoking exposure (ever [previous or current, active or secondhand smokers] or never) and cumulative chronic damage as measured by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). A systematic review of the literature was conducted by cross-searching Medline for the terms lupus and smoking. RESULTS: We enrolled 105 patients with SLE (96% female), with a mean ± SD age of 40.7 ± 11.4 years and a mean followup time of 8.98 years. Of the 105 patients, 74 had an SDI score of 1-10, and 31 had an SDI score of 0. The difference between smoking exposure and no smoking exposure was significant (P = 0.02 by chi-square test in contingency table analysis), and SLE patients who were never exposed to smoking had 0.78 times the risk of progressing toward a cumulative damage status (SDI score of > 0) (95% confidence interval 0.16-0.98) throughout the followup period compared to those who were ever exposed. In the systematic review of the literature, we found only a small number of articles that addressed some aspects of the relationship between smoking exposure and cumulative damage in SLE patients. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that smoking exposure is associated with cumulative chronic damage, as determined by the SDI score, in patients with SLE. Smoking exposure may have deleterious effects on lupus morbidity, and more detailed studies of this association are needed.
OBJECTIVE: Due to the increased availability of effective treatments, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) now have longer survival times, and factors involved in cumulative chronic damage in SLE need to be better understood. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between smoking and cumulative chronic damage in SLEpatients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of SLEpatients was performed to investigate the possible association between smoking exposure (ever [previous or current, active or secondhand smokers] or never) and cumulative chronic damage as measured by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). A systematic review of the literature was conducted by cross-searching Medline for the terms lupus and smoking. RESULTS: We enrolled 105 patients with SLE (96% female), with a mean ± SD age of 40.7 ± 11.4 years and a mean followup time of 8.98 years. Of the 105 patients, 74 had an SDI score of 1-10, and 31 had an SDI score of 0. The difference between smoking exposure and no smoking exposure was significant (P = 0.02 by chi-square test in contingency table analysis), and SLEpatients who were never exposed to smoking had 0.78 times the risk of progressing toward a cumulative damage status (SDI score of > 0) (95% confidence interval 0.16-0.98) throughout the followup period compared to those who were ever exposed. In the systematic review of the literature, we found only a small number of articles that addressed some aspects of the relationship between smoking exposure and cumulative damage in SLEpatients. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that smoking exposure is associated with cumulative chronic damage, as determined by the SDI score, in patients with SLE. Smoking exposure may have deleterious effects on lupus morbidity, and more detailed studies of this association are needed.
Authors: Aimée Wattiaux; Brittany Bettendorf; Laura Block; Andrea Gilmore-Bykovskyi; Edmond Ramly; Megan E Piper; Ann Rosenthal; Jane Sadusky; Elizabeth Cox; Betty Chewning; Christie M Bartels Journal: Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) Date: 2020-03 Impact factor: 4.794
Authors: Iñigo Rúa-Figueroa; Celia Erausquin; Celia Rua-Figueroa; Jesús González-Martín; Antonio Naranjo; Soledad Ojeda; Félix Francisco; Juan C Quevedo; Laura Cáceres; Ruben López; Martin Greco; Irene Altabás-González; Yanira Pérez; Francisco Rubiño; Carlos Rodríguez-Lozano Journal: Rheumatol Int Date: 2019-11-27 Impact factor: 2.631
Authors: Henrik Christian Bidstrup Leffers; Anne Troldborg; Anne Voss; Salome Kristensen; Jesper Lindhardsen; Prabhat Kumar; Asta Linauskas; Lars Juul; Niels Steen Krogh; Bent Deleuran; Lene Dreyer; Søren Jacobsen Journal: Lupus Sci Med Date: 2021-04