E Tam1, P Bruseghini1, E Calabria1, L Dal Sacco1, C Doria2, B Grassi3, T Pietrangelo2, S Pogliaghi1, C Reggiani4, D Salvadego3, F Schena1,5, L Toniolo4, V Verratti2, G Vernillo5,6, Carlo Capelli7,8,9. 1. Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. 2. Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. 3. Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy. 4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. 5. CeRiSM, Rovereto, TN, Italy. 6. Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy. 7. Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. carlo.capelli@univr.it. 8. CeRiSM, Rovereto, TN, Italy. carlo.capelli@univr.it. 9. Department of Physical Performances, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway. carlo.capelli@univr.it.
Abstract
PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of moderate-intensity training at low and high altitude on VO2 and QaO2 kinetics and on myosin heavy-chain expression (MyHC) in seven women (36.3 yy ± 7.1; 65.8 kg ± 11.7; 165 cm ± 8) who participated in two 12- to 14-day trekking expeditions at low (598 m) and high altitude (4132 m) separated by 4 months of recovery. METHODS: Breath-by-breath VO2 and beat-by-beat QaO2 at the onset of moderate-intensity cycling exercise and energy cost of walking (Cw) were assessed before and after trekking. MyHC expression of vastus lateralis was evaluated before and after low-altitude and after high-altitude trekking; muscle fiber high-resolution respirography was performed at the beginning of the study and after high-altitude trekking. RESULTS: Mean response time of VO2 kinetics was faster (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001) and oxygen deficit was smaller (P = 0.001 and P = 0.0004) after low- and high-altitude trekking, whereas ˙ QaO2 kinetics and Cw did not change. Percentages of slow and fast isoforms of MyHC and mitochondrial mass were not affected by low- and high-altitude training. After training altitude, muscle fiber ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration was decreased as compared with the control condition (P = 0.016), whereas leak respiration was increased (P = 0.031), leading to a significant increase in the respiratory control ratio (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Although training did not significantly modify muscle phenotype, it induced beneficial adaptations of the oxygen transport-utilization systems witnessed by faster VO2 kinetics at exercise onset.
PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of moderate-intensity training at low and high altitude on VO2 and QaO2 kinetics and on myosin heavy-chain expression (MyHC) in seven women (36.3 yy ± 7.1; 65.8 kg ± 11.7; 165 cm ± 8) who participated in two 12- to 14-day trekking expeditions at low (598 m) and high altitude (4132 m) separated by 4 months of recovery. METHODS: Breath-by-breath VO2 and beat-by-beat QaO2 at the onset of moderate-intensity cycling exercise and energy cost of walking (Cw) were assessed before and after trekking. MyHC expression of vastus lateralis was evaluated before and after low-altitude and after high-altitude trekking; muscle fiber high-resolution respirography was performed at the beginning of the study and after high-altitude trekking. RESULTS: Mean response time of VO2 kinetics was faster (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001) and oxygen deficit was smaller (P = 0.001 and P = 0.0004) after low- and high-altitude trekking, whereas ˙ QaO2 kinetics and Cw did not change. Percentages of slow and fast isoforms of MyHC and mitochondrial mass were not affected by low- and high-altitude training. After training altitude, muscle fiber ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration was decreased as compared with the control condition (P = 0.016), whereas leak respiration was increased (P = 0.031), leading to a significant increase in the respiratory control ratio (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Although training did not significantly modify muscle phenotype, it induced beneficial adaptations of the oxygen transport-utilization systems witnessed by faster VO2 kinetics at exercise onset.
Entities:
Keywords:
Aerobic metabolism; Chronic hypoxia; Energy cost of walking; Exercise training; Women
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