The characteristics of human cranial bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Recently, cell-based therapy has attracted attention for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are considered to have good engraftment potential. Therefore, more efficient and less invasive methods to obtain donor cells are required. Here, we established human BMSCs from cranial bone waste (cBMSCs) obtained following routine neurosurgical procedures. cBMSCs and cells obtained from the iliac crest (iBMSCs, standard BMSCs) showed expression of cell surface markers associated with mesenchymal stem cells and multipotency traits such as differentiation into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. cBMSCs showed higher expression of the neural crest-associated mRNAs p75, Slug, and Snail than iBMSCs. Neurogenic induced cells from cBMSCs expressed the neural markers nestin, Pax6, neurofilament (NF)-L, and NF-M as seen with RT-PCR, and NF-M protein as seen with western blotting at higher levels than cells from iBMSCs. Immunostaining showed a significantly greater proportion of NF-M-positive cells in the population of induced cBMSCs compared with the population of iBMSCs. Thus, cBMSCs showed a greater tendency to differentiate into neuron-like cells than iBMSCs.