Xiaoyu Zhang1, Qiang Wang2, Yuqin Shen2, Haoming Song2, Zhu Gong2, Lemin Wang2. 1. Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai 200065, China. 2. Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai 200065, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The high morbidity, mortality and misdiagnosis rate render pulmonary embolism (PE) as a worldwide health problem. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease have not been well characterized. Increasing studies indicate infection and immunity play a crucial role in PE. Natural killer (NK) cells act as a bridge between the innate immune and acquired immune. This study aimed to investigate the possible function of NK cells in PE. METHODS: Human cDNA microarray analysis was employed to detect genes associated with NK cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Random variance model corrected t-test was used for statistical analysis of differential gene expression. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the CD16+CD56+ NK cells. RESULTS: In the present study, based on gene expression microarray analysis, we showed four inhibitory receptors (KLRB1, KLRD1, KLRF1, KLRG1) and four activating receptors (KLRC1, KLRC3, KLRK1 and NCR1) on NK cells were remarkably down-regulated and the cytological experiment demonstrated the proportion of CD16+CD56+ NK cells among PBMCs decreased in the PE group. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the presence of reduced expression of critical activating as well as inhibitory NK cell receptors and low proportion of CD16+CD56+ NK cells in PE. The consistence between genomic and cytological examination suggests compromised NK cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of PE.
OBJECTIVE: The high morbidity, mortality and misdiagnosis rate render pulmonary embolism (PE) as a worldwide health problem. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease have not been well characterized. Increasing studies indicate infection and immunity play a crucial role in PE. Natural killer (NK) cells act as a bridge between the innate immune and acquired immune. This study aimed to investigate the possible function of NK cells in PE. METHODS:Human cDNA microarray analysis was employed to detect genes associated with NK cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Random variance model corrected t-test was used for statistical analysis of differential gene expression. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the CD16+CD56+ NK cells. RESULTS: In the present study, based on gene expression microarray analysis, we showed four inhibitory receptors (KLRB1, KLRD1, KLRF1, KLRG1) and four activating receptors (KLRC1, KLRC3, KLRK1 and NCR1) on NK cells were remarkably down-regulated and the cytological experiment demonstrated the proportion of CD16+CD56+ NK cells among PBMCs decreased in the PE group. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the presence of reduced expression of critical activating as well as inhibitory NK cell receptors and low proportion of CD16+CD56+ NK cells in PE. The consistence between genomic and cytological examination suggests compromised NK cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of PE.
Authors: Artika P Nath; Scott C Ritchie; Sean G Byars; Liam G Fearnley; Aki S Havulinna; Anni Joensuu; Antti J Kangas; Pasi Soininen; Annika Wennerström; Lili Milani; Andres Metspalu; Satu Männistö; Peter Würtz; Johannes Kettunen; Emma Raitoharju; Mika Kähönen; Markus Juonala; Aarno Palotie; Mika Ala-Korpela; Samuli Ripatti; Terho Lehtimäki; Gad Abraham; Olli Raitakari; Veikko Salomaa; Markus Perola; Michael Inouye Journal: Genome Biol Date: 2017-08-01 Impact factor: 13.583