Streptomyces bambusae sp. nov., Showing Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities, Isolated from Bamboo (Bambuseae) Rhizosphere Soil Using a Modified Culture Method.

Strain T110(T) was isolated from a bamboo rhizosphere soil sample in the Republic of Korea and was found to produce antibiotics and secondary metabolites against a broad range of bacterial and fungal pathogens. It is a gram-positive actinobacterium with a straight and smooth, spore chain morphology. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization suggest that T110(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces. The predominant menaquinones of strain T110(T) were MK-9 (H6), MK-9 (H8), and MK-10 (H4). The cell wall peptidoglycan contained L L-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and glycine. Ribose and glucose were detected as whole-cell hydrolysates. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol. The main fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0), C(16:0), and iso-C(16:0). Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (GenBank accession no. KM229361) combined with multiple alignment tools revealed that T110(T) shared the highest degree of similarity with Streptomyces albosporeus subsp. labilomyceticus NBRC 15387(T) (97.9%). However, DNA-DNA hybridization and phylogenetic analysis indicate that strain T110(T) is distinct from its most closely related species. Therefore, we conclude that strain T110(T) is a novel species of the genus Streptomyces and propose naming it Streptomyces bambusae. The type strain is T110(T) (=KEMB 9005-214(T) = KACC 18225(T) = NBRC 110903(T)).