The relation between the waveguide invariant and array invariant.

The waveguide invariant β is based on the dependence of group speed on phase speed and summarizes the robust interference phenomenon in the range-frequency plane. Over the last decade the elegant approach has been utilized for various applications including passive source ranging. Separately, the array invariant approach [Lee and Makris, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 336-351 (2006)] has been proposed for a robust source-range estimator from beam-time intensity data using either a horizontal or vertical array. In this paper, it is shown that the array invariant can be derived from the waveguide invariant theory assuming β=1.