Prenatal diagnosis of penoscrotal hypospadias and review of the literature.

Urinary tract abnormalities are frequently detected during obstetrical ultrasonography (US). However, hypospadia is often missed on prenatal US, despite it being the most common congenital defect of the male external genitalia. The prenatal recognition of hypospadias is important because it will alert the physician to order karyotyping and to look for any possible associated dysmorphic syndromes. Here, we present a case of a penoscrotal hypospadia mimicking female genitalia and describe our experience of applying two-dimensional and three-dimensional US in the prenatal diagnosis of hypospadia. Prenatal ultrasound scans should include a study of the genitals and should not only be used for sex determination.