Melih Balcı1, Yılmaz Aslan1, Berçem Bozarslan2, Altuğ Tuncel1, Mustafa Kayalı1, Ali Atan1. 1. Third Clinic of Urology, Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey. 2. First Clinic of Ophtalmology, Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and retinal findings in patients presenting with erectile dysfunction (ED) complaints. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 102 patients with ED were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel - III consensus definition: patients with MS (Group 1, n=62) and patients without MS (Group 2, n=40). The severity of ED was determined according to the first five versions of the International Index of Erectile Function. A detailed fundus examination was performed to evaluate the patients for retinopathy. The patients' retinopathy grades were classified according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 51.4 years. Twenty-two patients (35.5%) in Group 1 and nine (22.5%) in Group 2 had severe ED (p=0.241). Ten (16.1%) patients in Group 1 and one (2.5%) patient in Group 2 had any degree of retinopathy (p=0.047). The logistic regression analysis of the correlation between severe ED and MS risk factors revealed that a fasting glucose level (FBG) of >110 mg/dL increased the risk of severe ED by 2.5 times (95% CI 1-6.2, p=0.058). Additionally, the logistic regression analysis of metabolic risk factors showed that only the FBS level was strongly associated with retinopathy, with the relative risk increased to 10.6 (95% CI 1.2-93, p=0.033). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that elevated FBG levels were the most critical MS component in the development of severe ED and retinopathy.
OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and retinal findings in patients presenting with erectile dysfunction (ED) complaints. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 102 patients with ED were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel - III consensus definition: patients with MS (Group 1, n=62) and patients without MS (Group 2, n=40). The severity of ED was determined according to the first five versions of the International Index of Erectile Function. A detailed fundus examination was performed to evaluate the patients for retinopathy. The patients' retinopathy grades were classified according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 51.4 years. Twenty-two patients (35.5%) in Group 1 and nine (22.5%) in Group 2 had severe ED (p=0.241). Ten (16.1%) patients in Group 1 and one (2.5%) patient in Group 2 had any degree of retinopathy (p=0.047). The logistic regression analysis of the correlation between severe ED and MS risk factors revealed that a fasting glucose level (FBG) of >110 mg/dL increased the risk of severe ED by 2.5 times (95% CI 1-6.2, p=0.058). Additionally, the logistic regression analysis of metabolic risk factors showed that only the FBS level was strongly associated with retinopathy, with the relative risk increased to 10.6 (95% CI 1.2-93, p=0.033). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that elevated FBG levels were the most critical MS component in the development of severe ED and retinopathy.
Authors: Stefan Heidler; Christian Temml; Clemens Broessner; Karl Mock; Michael Rauchenwald; Stephan Madersbacher; Anton Ponholzer Journal: J Urol Date: 2007-02 Impact factor: 7.450
Authors: Tien Yin Wong; Bruce B Duncan; Sherita Hill Golden; Ronald Klein; David J Couper; Barbara E K Klein; Larry D Hubbard; A Richey Sharrett; Maria I Schmidt Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2004-09 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: R Kawasaki; J M Tielsch; J J Wang; T Y Wong; P Mitchell; Y Tano; M Tominaga; T Oizumi; M Daimon; T Kato; S Kawata; T Kayama; H Yamashita Journal: Br J Ophthalmol Date: 2007-10-26 Impact factor: 4.638