Mee-Kyung Cha1, Yoo-Jeen Bae1, Kyu-Jeong Kim1, Byung-Joon Park1, Il-Han Kim1. 1. Mee-Kyung Cha, Yoo-Jeen Bae, Kyu-Jeong Kim, Byung-Joon Park, Il-Han Kim, Department of Life Science and Technology, Daeduk Valley Campus, Paichai University, Taejon 305-509, South Korea.
Abstract
AIM: To identify alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (AhpC) homologs in Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and to characterize their structural and biochemical properties. AhpC is responsible for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in bacteria. METHODS: Two AhpC homologs (AhpC_H1 and AhpC_H2) were identified by searching the B. subtilis database; these were then cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. AhpC mutants carrying substitutions of catalytically important Cys residues (C37S, C47S, C166S, C37/47S, C37/166S, C47/166S, and C37/47/166S for AhpC_H1; C52S, C169S, and C52/169S for AhpC_H2) were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis and purified, and their structure-function relationship was analyzed. The B. subtilis ahpC genes were disrupted by the short flanking homology method, and the phenotypes of the resulting AhpC-deficient bacteria were examined. RESULTS: Comparative characterization of AhpC homologs indicates that AhpC_H1 contains an extra C37, which forms a disulfide bond with the peroxidatic C47, and behaves like an atypical 2-Cys AhpC, while AhpC_H2 functions like a typical 2-Cys AhpC. Tryptic digestion analysis demonstrated the presence of intramolecular Cys37-Cys47 linkage, which could be reduced by thioredoxin, resulting in the association of the dimer into higher-molecular-mass complexes. Peroxidase activity analysis of Cys→Ser mutants indicated that three Cys residues were involved in the catalysis. AhpC_H1 was resistant to inactivation by peroxide substrates, but had lower activity at physiological H2O2 concentrations compared to AhpC_H2, suggesting that in B. subtilis, the enzymes may be physiologically functional at different substrate concentrations. The exposure to organic peroxides induced AhpC_H1 expression, while AhpC_H1-deficient mutants exhibited growth retardation in the stationary phase, suggesting the role of AhpC_H1 as an antioxidant scavenger of lipid hydroperoxides and a stress-response factor in B. subtilis. CONCLUSION: AhpC_H1, a novel atypical 2-Cys AhpC, is functionally distinct from AhpC_H2, a typical 2-Cys AhpC.
AIM: To identify alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (AhpC) homologs in Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and to characterize their structural and biochemical properties. AhpC is responsible for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in bacteria. METHODS: Two AhpC homologs (AhpC_H1 and AhpC_H2) were identified by searching the B. subtilis database; these were then cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. AhpC mutants carrying substitutions of catalytically important Cys residues (C37S, C47S, C166S, C37/47S, C37/166S, C47/166S, and C37/47/166S for AhpC_H1; C52S, C169S, and C52/169S for AhpC_H2) were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis and purified, and their structure-function relationship was analyzed. The B. subtilis ahpC genes were disrupted by the short flanking homology method, and the phenotypes of the resulting AhpC-deficient bacteria were examined. RESULTS: Comparative characterization of AhpC homologs indicates that AhpC_H1 contains an extra C37, which forms a disulfide bond with the peroxidatic C47, and behaves like an atypical 2-Cys AhpC, while AhpC_H2 functions like a typical 2-Cys AhpC. Tryptic digestion analysis demonstrated the presence of intramolecular Cys37-Cys47 linkage, which could be reduced by thioredoxin, resulting in the association of the dimer into higher-molecular-mass complexes. Peroxidase activity analysis of Cys→Ser mutants indicated that three Cys residues were involved in the catalysis. AhpC_H1 was resistant to inactivation by peroxide substrates, but had lower activity at physiological H2O2 concentrations compared to AhpC_H2, suggesting that in B. subtilis, the enzymes may be physiologically functional at different substrate concentrations. The exposure to organic peroxides induced AhpC_H1 expression, while AhpC_H1-deficient mutants exhibited growth retardation in the stationary phase, suggesting the role of AhpC_H1 as an antioxidant scavenger of lipid hydroperoxides and a stress-response factor in B. subtilis. CONCLUSION: AhpC_H1, a novel atypical 2-Cys AhpC, is functionally distinct from AhpC_H2, a typical 2-Cys AhpC.
Authors: Alexander Zhyvoloup; Bess Yi Kun Yu; Jovana Baković; Mathew Davis-Lunn; Maria-Armineh Tossounian; Naam Thomas; Yugo Tsuchiya; Sew Yeu Peak-Chew; Sivaramesh Wigneshweraraj; Valeriy Filonenko; Mark Skehel; Peter Setlow; Ivan Gout Journal: FEMS Microbiol Lett Date: 2020-12-22 Impact factor: 2.742
Authors: Carlos A Tairum; Melina Cardoso Santos; Carlos Alexandre Breyer; Ana Laura Pires de Oliveira; Vitoria Isabela Montanhero Cabrera; Guilherme Toledo-Silva; Gustavo Maruyama Mori; Marcos Hikari Toyama; Luis Eduardo Soares Netto; Marcos Antonio de Oliveira Journal: Antioxidants (Basel) Date: 2021-06-25