Phanuel Saroni Arwa1, Maria Luiza Zeraik2, Valdecir Farias Ximenes3, Luiz Marcos da Fonseca4, Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani1, Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva5. 1. Department of Organic Chemistry, Nucleus of Bioassays, Ecophysiology and Biosynthesis of Natural Products (NUBBE), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. 2. Department of Organic Chemistry, Nucleus of Bioassays, Ecophysiology and Biosynthesis of Natural Products (NUBBE), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: marialuizaze@gmail.com. 3. Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), P.O. Box 473, 17033-360 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. 4. Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), P.O. Box 502, 14801-902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. 5. Department of Organic Chemistry, Nucleus of Bioassays, Ecophysiology and Biosynthesis of Natural Products (NUBBE), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: dhsilva@iq.unesp.br.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Garcinia brasiliensis, a plant native to the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, is used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation of the urinary tract, peptic ulcers, arthritis and other conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purposes of this study were to analyze the chemical constituents of G. brasiliensis branches and leaves and to evaluate the potential of isolated compounds to act as inhibitors of both the oxidative burst of stimulated neutrophils and oxidative damage in human erythrocyte membranes to verify the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neutrophils were isolated from the blood of healthy donors by Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation. Superoxide anion and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by stimulated neutrophils were measured by WST-1 reduction and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assays, respectively. Radical-induced lipoperoxidation and hemolysis were performed using erythrocytes from the blood of healthy donors. Compounds were isolated from G. brasiliensis branches and leaves by HPLC microfractionation, and structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was performed based on NMR and HR-MS analyses. RESULTS: The biflavonoids procyanidin, fukugetin, amentoflavone and podocarpusflavone isolated from G. brasiliensis showed potent inhibitory effects on the oxidative burst of human neutrophils, inhibiting ROS production by 50% at 1 μmol L(-1). These biflavonoids also proved to be potent inhibitors of hemolysis (with 88 ± 7% inhibition at 50 µmol L(-1) for procyanidin) and lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes, with a malondialdehyde level (a biomarker of oxidative stress) of 8.5 ± 0.3 nmol/mg Hb at 50 µmol L(-1) for procyanidin. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the biflavonoids extracted from G. brasiliensis branches and leaves modulate oxidative stress via inhibition of NADPH oxidase and ROS production by stimulated human neutrophils. Furthermore, the biflavonoids exhibited potent inhibition of oxidant hemolysis and lipid peroxidation induced by AAPH in human erythrocytes. Therefore, these studies suggest the use of G. brasiliensis extract as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Garcinia brasiliensis, a plant native to the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, is used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation of the urinary tract, peptic ulcers, arthritis and other conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purposes of this study were to analyze the chemical constituents of G. brasiliensis branches and leaves and to evaluate the potential of isolated compounds to act as inhibitors of both the oxidative burst of stimulated neutrophils and oxidative damage in human erythrocyte membranes to verify the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neutrophils were isolated from the blood of healthy donors by Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation. Superoxide anion and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by stimulated neutrophils were measured by WST-1 reduction and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assays, respectively. Radical-induced lipoperoxidation and hemolysis were performed using erythrocytes from the blood of healthy donors. Compounds were isolated from G. brasiliensis branches and leaves by HPLC microfractionation, and structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was performed based on NMR and HR-MS analyses. RESULTS: The biflavonoidsprocyanidin, fukugetin, amentoflavone and podocarpusflavone isolated from G. brasiliensis showed potent inhibitory effects on the oxidative burst of human neutrophils, inhibiting ROS production by 50% at 1 μmol L(-1). These biflavonoids also proved to be potent inhibitors of hemolysis (with 88 ± 7% inhibition at 50 µmol L(-1) for procyanidin) and lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes, with a malondialdehyde level (a biomarker of oxidative stress) of 8.5 ± 0.3 nmol/mg Hb at 50 µmol L(-1) for procyanidin. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the biflavonoids extracted from G. brasiliensis branches and leaves modulate oxidative stress via inhibition of NADPH oxidase and ROS production by stimulated human neutrophils. Furthermore, the biflavonoids exhibited potent inhibition of oxidant hemolysis and lipid peroxidation induced by AAPH in human erythrocytes. Therefore, these studies suggest the use of G. brasiliensis extract as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
Authors: Débora da Silva Baldivia; Daniel Ferreira Leite; David Tsuyoshi Hiramatsu de Castro; Jaqueline Ferreira Campos; Uilson Pereira Dos Santos; Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero; Carlos Alexandre Carollo; Denise Brentan Silva; Kely de Picoli Souza; Edson Lucas Dos Santos Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2018-08-17 Impact factor: 5.923
Authors: Mayara Amoras Teles Fujishima; Nayara Dos Santos Raulino da Silva; Ryan da Silva Ramos; Elenilze Figueiredo Batista Ferreira; Kelton Luís Belém Dos Santos; Carlos Henrique Tomich de Paula da Silva; Jocivania Oliveira da Silva; Joaquín Maria Campos Rosa; Cleydson Breno Rodrigues Dos Santos Journal: Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Date: 2018-07-20