Wesley M Raup-Konsavage1, Timothy K Cooper2,3, Gregory S Yochum4. 1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H171, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. wmk113@psu.edu. 2. Department of Comparative Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H171, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. tcooper@hmc.psu.edu. 3. Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H054, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. tcooper@hmc.psu.edu. 4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H171, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. gsy3@psu.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation disrupts the colonic epithelial layer in patients afflicted by ulcerative colitis (UC). The use of inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase three beta (GSK3β) has proven efficacious to mitigate disease symptoms in rodent models of UC by reducing the pro-inflammatory response. Less is known about whether these inhibitors promote colonic regeneration by stimulating proliferation of colonic epithelial cells. AIMS: We investigated whether delivery of the GSK3β inhibitor, lithium chloride (LiCl), during the recovery period from acute DSS-induced colitis in mice promoted colonic regeneration and ameliorated disease symptoms. We also tested whether the c-MYC transcription factor (MYC) was involved in this response. METHODS: Acute colitis was induced by administration of 2.5 % dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to wild-type C57BL/6 mice for 5 days. During the recovery period, mice received a daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of LiCl or 1X PBS as a control. Mice were weighed, colon lengths measured, disease activity index (DAI) scores were assessed, and histological analyses were performed on colonic sections. We analyzed transcripts and proteins in purified preparations of the colonic epithelium. We delivered the MYC inhibitor 10058-F4 via IP injection to assess the role of MYC in colonic regeneration. RESULTS: Lithium treatments promoted recovery from acute DSS-induced damage by increasing expression of Myc transcripts, MYC proteins, and expression of a subset of Wnt/MYC target genes in the colonic epithelium. Inhibiting MYC function with 10058-F4 blunted the lithium response. CONCLUSIONS: By inducing Myc expression in the colonic epithelium, lithium promotes colonic regeneration after DSS-induced colitis. Therefore, the use of lithium may be of therapeutic value to manage individuals afflicted by UC.
BACKGROUND:Chronic inflammation disrupts the colonic epithelial layer in patients afflicted by ulcerative colitis (UC). The use of inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase three beta (GSK3β) has proven efficacious to mitigate disease symptoms in rodent models of UC by reducing the pro-inflammatory response. Less is known about whether these inhibitors promote colonic regeneration by stimulating proliferation of colonic epithelial cells. AIMS: We investigated whether delivery of the GSK3β inhibitor, lithium chloride (LiCl), during the recovery period from acute DSS-induced colitis in mice promoted colonic regeneration and ameliorated disease symptoms. We also tested whether the c-MYC transcription factor (MYC) was involved in this response. METHODS: Acute colitis was induced by administration of 2.5 % dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to wild-type C57BL/6 mice for 5 days. During the recovery period, mice received a daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of LiCl or 1X PBS as a control. Mice were weighed, colon lengths measured, disease activity index (DAI) scores were assessed, and histological analyses were performed on colonic sections. We analyzed transcripts and proteins in purified preparations of the colonic epithelium. We delivered the MYC inhibitor 10058-F4 via IP injection to assess the role of MYC in colonic regeneration. RESULTS:Lithium treatments promoted recovery from acute DSS-induced damage by increasing expression of Myc transcripts, MYC proteins, and expression of a subset of Wnt/MYC target genes in the colonic epithelium. Inhibiting MYC function with 10058-F4 blunted the lithium response. CONCLUSIONS: By inducing Myc expression in the colonic epithelium, lithium promotes colonic regeneration after DSS-induced colitis. Therefore, the use of lithium may be of therapeutic value to manage individuals afflicted by UC.
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