Tom P Walsh1, Tiffany K Gill2, Angela M Evans3, Alison Yaxley4, E Michael Shanahan5, Catherine L Hill6. 1. Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia. 2. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. 3. La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia. 4. Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia. 5. Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. 6. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine, first, if fat mass index (FMI) or fat-free mass index (FFMI) and serum adipokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with prevalent (stage 2) foot pain, and, second, if they are predictive of future (stage 3) foot pain. METHODS: A subset of participants ages ≥50 years (n = 1,462) from the North West Adelaide Health Study were used for this study. Participants from this community cohort were asked in stage 2 (2004-2006) and stage 3 (2008-2010) if they had foot pain, aching, or stiffness. In stage 2, serum adipokines and anthropometry were measured, while body composition was analyzed with dual x-ray absorptiometry. These variables, along with comorbidities and social history, were used in logistic regression analyses to determine if FMI, FFMI, and serum adipokines were associated with foot pain. RESULTS: Prevalent foot pain was present in 20.2% of participants, and future foot pain in 36.4%. Following multivariate modeling, the odds of having pain at stage 2 increased by 8% for each FMI unit (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.04-1.12), while the odds of having pain at stage 3 increased by 6% for each FMI unit at stage 2 (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11). TNF level, IL-6 level, and FFMI were not associated with pain. CONCLUSION: Increased FMI, but not body mass index, FFMI, or TNF or IL-6 level, was associated with both prevalent and future foot pain. These results suggest that body fat may be more important than body weight with respect to foot pain. The role played by other adipokines requires further investigation.
OBJECTIVE: To determine, first, if fat mass index (FMI) or fat-free mass index (FFMI) and serum adipokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with prevalent (stage 2) foot pain, and, second, if they are predictive of future (stage 3) foot pain. METHODS: A subset of participants ages ≥50 years (n = 1,462) from the North West Adelaide Health Study were used for this study. Participants from this community cohort were asked in stage 2 (2004-2006) and stage 3 (2008-2010) if they had foot pain, aching, or stiffness. In stage 2, serum adipokines and anthropometry were measured, while body composition was analyzed with dual x-ray absorptiometry. These variables, along with comorbidities and social history, were used in logistic regression analyses to determine if FMI, FFMI, and serum adipokines were associated with foot pain. RESULTS: Prevalent foot pain was present in 20.2% of participants, and future foot pain in 36.4%. Following multivariate modeling, the odds of having pain at stage 2 increased by 8% for each FMI unit (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.04-1.12), while the odds of having pain at stage 3 increased by 6% for each FMI unit at stage 2 (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11). TNF level, IL-6 level, and FFMI were not associated with pain. CONCLUSION: Increased FMI, but not body mass index, FFMI, or TNF or IL-6 level, was associated with both prevalent and future foot pain. These results suggest that body fat may be more important than body weight with respect to foot pain. The role played by other adipokines requires further investigation.
Authors: Tom P Walsh; John B Arnold; Tiffany K Gill; Angela M Evans; Alison Yaxley; Catherine L Hill; E Michael Shanahan Journal: Rheumatol Int Date: 2017-05-17 Impact factor: 2.631
Authors: Tiffany K Gill; Hylton B Menz; Karl B Landorf; John B Arnold; Anne W Taylor; Catherine L Hill Journal: J Foot Ankle Res Date: 2016-07-13 Impact factor: 2.303
Authors: Tom P Walsh; Paul A Butterworth; Donna M Urquhart; Flavia M Cicuttini; Karl B Landorf; Anita E Wluka; E Michael Shanahan; Hylton B Menz Journal: J Foot Ankle Res Date: 2017-07-25 Impact factor: 2.303
Authors: Tom P Walsh; John B Arnold; Angela M Evans; Alison Yaxley; Raechel A Damarell; E Michael Shanahan Journal: BMC Musculoskelet Disord Date: 2018-07-18 Impact factor: 2.362
Authors: Tom P Walsh; Linda R Ferris; Nancy C Cullen; Jared L Bourke; Melissa J Cooney; Chi K Gooi; Christopher H Brown; John B Arnold Journal: J Foot Ankle Res Date: 2019-03-20 Impact factor: 2.303
Authors: Anna C Siefkas; Alyssa B Dufour; Yvonne M Golightly; Hylton B Menz; Howard J Hillstrom; Marian T Hannan Journal: J Foot Ankle Res Date: 2022-08-08 Impact factor: 3.050