| Literature DB >> 26313435 |
Anastasia Bougea1, Evangelos Anagnostou1, Nikolaos Spandideas1, Nikolaos Triantafyllou1, Evangelia Kararizou1.
Abstract
Vasculitides comprise a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders, occurring as primary or secondary to a broad variety of systemic infectious, malignant or connective tissue diseases. The latter occur more often but their pathogenic mechanisms have not been fully established. Frequent and varied central and peripheral nervous system complications occur in vasculitides and connective tissue diseases. In many cases, the neurological disorders have an atypical clinical course or even an early onset, and the healthcare professionals should be aware of them. The purpose of this brief review was to give an update of the main neurological disorders of common vasculitis and connective tissue diseases, aiming at accurate diagnosis and management, with an emphasis on pathophysiologic mechanisms.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2015 PMID: 26313435 PMCID: PMC4878643 DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082015RW3308
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Einstein (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 1679-4508
The most common classification of vasculitides adopted by International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference on the Nomenclature of Vasculitides(4)
| Classification | Description |
|---|---|
| Large vessel vasculitis | Takayasu arteritis and temporal arteritis |
| Medium vessel vasculitis | Polyarteritis nodosa |
| Small vessel vasculitis | Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) |
| Variable vessel vasculitis | Behçet disease and Cogan's syndrome |
| Single-organ vasculitis | Primary central nervous system vasculitis |
| Vasculitis associated with systemic disease | Lupus vasculitis |
| Rheumatoid vasculitis | |
| Vasculitis associated with probable etiology | Hydralazine-associated microscopic polyangiitis, hepatitis B virus–associated vasculitis, hepatitis C virus–associated vasculitis, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis |
Characterization of selected studies
| Database | Title | Authors (year) | Type of study | Main themes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PubMed | Connective tissue disorders: systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, and scleroderma | Streifler JY and Molad Y (2014) | Review | SLE, Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis, (pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment) |
| PubMed | Diagnosis and classification of central nervous system vasculitis | Hajj-Ali RA and Calabrese LH (2014) | Review | CNS vasculitis |
| PubMed | Cervical spine instability in rheumatoid arthritis | da Côrte FC and Neves N (2014) | Review | CNS involvement |
| PubMed | Update on the use of biologics in vasculitides | Vishwanath S, Relan M, Shen L and Ambrus JL Jr. (2014) | Review | Treatment |
| PubMed | Neuro-Behçet syndrome | Saip S, Akman-Demir G and Siva A (2014) | Review | CNS involvement, diagnosis and treatment |
| PubMed | Primary angiitis of the central nervous system and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome | Hammad TA and Hajj- Ali RA (2013) | Review | CNS involvement |
| PubMed | New-onset multiple sclerosis associated with adalimumab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report and literature review | Matsumoto T, Nakamura I, Miura A, Momoyama G and Ito K (2013) | Case report and literature review | CNS involvement |
| PubMed | Neurologic involvement in scleroderma: a systematic review | Amaral TN, Peres FA, Lapa AT, Marques-Neto JF and Appenzeller S (2013) | Systematic review | CNS + PNS involvement |
| PubMed | Characteristics of neurological manifestations of Behçet’s disease: a retrospective monocentric study in Tunisia | Houman MH, Bellakhal S, Ben Salem T, Hamzaoui A, Braham A, Lamloum M, et al. (2013) | Rectrospective | CNS involvement |
| PubMed | Neurological complications of Behçet’s syndrome | Kidd D (2012) | Review | CNS involvement and treatments |
| PubMed | Peripheral neuropathies in Sjögren’s syndrome: a critical update on clinical features and pathogenetic mechanisms | Pavlakis PP, Alexopoulos H, Kosmidis ML, Mamali I, Moutsopoulos HM, Tzioufas AG. et al. (2012) | Review | PNS involvement |
| PubMed | Addition of infliximab to standard therapy for ANCA-associated vasculitis | Morgan MD, Drayson MT, Savage CO and Harper L (2011) | Cohort | Treatment |
| PubMed | Infliximab or rituximab for refractory Wegener’s granulomatosis: long-term follow-up. A prospective randomised multicentre study on 17 patients | DeMenthon M, Cohen P, Pagnoux C, Buchler M, Sibilia J, Détrée F, et al. (2011) | Randomized | Treatment |
| PubMed | Churg-Strauss syndrome complicated by neuropathy: a clinicopathological study of nine cases | Kararizou E, Davaki P, Spengos K and Dimitracopoulos A (2011) | Clinical trial | CNS + PNS involvement |
| PubMed | Neurologicalinvolvement in Wegener’s granulomatosis | Holle JU and Gross WL (2011) | Systematic review | PNS +CNS involvement |
| PubMed | Clinical manifestations of neurological involvement in primary Sjögren’s syndrome | Gono T, Kawaguchi Y, Katsumata Y, Takagi K, Tochimoto A, Baba S, et al. (2011) | Cohort | PNS +CNS involvement |
| PubMed | Isolated cerebral vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis | Caballol Pons N, Montalà N, Valverde J, Brell M, Ferrer I, Martinez-Yélamos S (2010) | Case | CNS involvement |
| PubMed | Neurologic complications of Churg-Strauss syndrome - a prospective monocentric study | Wolf J, Bergner R, Mutallib S, Buggle F and Grau AJ (2010) | Prospective | PNS involvement + treatment |
| PubMed | Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic polyangiitis without poor-prognosis factors: A prospective randomized study of one hundred twenty-four patients | Ribi C, Cohen P, Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Arène JP, Puéchal X, et al. (2010) | Randomized | Treatment |
| PubMed | The neurologic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus | Greenberg BM (2009) | Review | Treatment |
| PubMed | The involvement of the peripheral nervous system in biopsy proven active giant cell arteritis | Pfadenhauer K, Roesler A and Golling A (2007) | Case series | PNS involvement |
| PubMed | Infliximab for maintenance of glucocorticosteroid induced remission of giant cell arteritis: a randomized trial | Hoffman GS, Cid MC, Rendt-Zagar KE, Merkel PA, Weyand CM, Stone JH, et al. (2007) | Randomized controlled trial | Treatment |
| PubMed | Nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy: a clinicopathological study of 22 cases | Kararizou E, Davaki P, Karandreas N, Danou R, Vassilopoulos D (2005) | Clinical trial | PNS involvement |
| PubMed | Vasculitis of the nervous system | Younger DS (2004) | Review | PNS + CNS involvement |
| PubMed | Low dose MTX for progressive neuro-Behçet’s disease. A follow-up study for 4 years | Kikuchi H, Aramaki K and Hirohata S (2003) | Case series | Treatment |
| PubMed | Neuromuscular complications of connective tissue diseases | Rosenbaum R (2001) | Review | PNS involvement of RA, Sjögren’s syndrome, SLE, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis |
| PubMed | Diagnosis and management of isolated angiitis of the central nervous system | Moore PM (1989) | Review | Treatment |
| PubMed | Isolated benign cerebral vasculitis | Bettoni L, Juvarra G, Bortone E and Lenchi A (1984) | Case +review | CNS involvement |
SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; CNS: central nervous system; PNS: peripheral nervous system; RA: rheumatoid arthritis.
Classificação mais comum de vasculitis, adotada na International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides.(4)
| Classificação | Descrição |
|---|---|
| Vasculite de grandes vasos | Arterite de Takayasu e arterite temporal |
| Vasculite de vasos médios | Poliarterite nodosa |
| Vasculite de vasos pequenos | Vasculite associada a anticorpo anticitoplasma de neutrófilos, poliangeíte microscópica, granulomatose com poliangeíte (de Wegener), granulomatose eosinofílica com poliangeíte (Churg-Strauss) |
| Vasculite de vasos de calibre variável | Síndrome de Behçet e síndrome de Cogan |
| Vasculite de órgão único | Angeíte primária do sistema nervoso central |
| Vasculite associada à doença sistêmica | Vasculite lúpica |
| Vasculite reumatoide | |
| Vasculite associada à etiologia provável | Poliangeíte microscópica associada à hidralazina, vasculite associada ao vírus da hepatite B, vasculite associada ao vírus da hepatite C, vasculite crioglobulinêmica |
Caracterização dos estudos selecionados
| Banco de dados | Título | Autores (ano) | Tipo de estudo | Principais temas |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PubMed |
| Streifler JY e Molad Y (2014) | Revisão | LES, síndrome de Sjögren, esclerose sistêmica, (fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento) |
| PubMed |
| Hajj-Ali RA e Calabrese LH (2014) | Revisão | Vasculite no SNC |
| PubMed |
| da Côrte FC e Neves N (2014) | Revisão | Comprometimento do SNC |
| PubMed |
| Vishwanath S, Relan M, Shen L e Ambrus JL Jr. (2014) | Revisão | Tratamento |
| PubMed |
| Saip S, Akman-Demir G e Siva A (2014) | Revisão | Comprometimento do CNS, diagnóstico e tratamento |
| PubMed |
| Hammad TA e Hajj- Ali RA (2013) | Revisão | Comprometimento do SNC |
| PubMed |
| Matsumoto T, Nakamura I, Miura A, Momoyama G e Ito K (2013) | Relato de caso e revisão da literatura | Comprometimento do SNC |
| PubMed |
| Amaral TN, Peres FA, Lapa AT, Marques-Neto JF e Appenzeller S (2013) | Revisão sistemática | Comprometimento do SNC e SNP |
| PubMed |
| Houman MH, Bellakhal S, Ben Salem T, Hamzaoui A, Braham A, Lamloum M, et al. (2013) | Retrospectivo | Comprometimento do SNC |
| PubMed |
| Kidd D (2012) | Revisão | Comprometimento do SNC e tratamentos |
| PubMed |
| Pavlakis PP, Alexopoulos H, Kosmidis ML, Mamali I, Moutsopoulos HM, Tzioufas AG, et al. (2012) | Revisão | Comprometimento do SNP |
| PubMed |
| Morgan MD, Drayson MT, Savage CO e Harper L (2011) | Coorte | Tratamento |
| PubMed |
| DeMenthon M, Cohen P, Pagnoux C, Buchler M, Sibilia J, Détrée F, et al. (2011) | Randomizado | Tratamento |
| PubMed |
| Kararizou E, Davaki P, Spengos K e Dimitracopoulos A (2011) | Ensaio clínico | Comprometimento do SNC e SNP |
| PubMed |
| Holle JU e Gross WL (2011) | Revisão sistemática | Comprometimento do SNC e SNP |
| PubMed |
| Gono T, Kawaguchi Y, Katsumata Y, Takagi K, Tochimoto A, Baba S, et al. (2011) | Coorte | Comprometimento do SNC e SNP |
| PubMed |
| Caballol Pons N, Montalà N, Valverde J, Brell M, Ferrer I, Martinez-Yélamos S (2010) | Caso | Comprometimento do SNC |
| PubMed |
| Wolf J, Bergner R, Mutallib S, Buggle F e Grau AJ (2010) | Prospectivo | Comprometimento do SNP e tratamento |
| PubMed |
| Ribi C, Cohen P, Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Arène JP, Puéchal X, et al. (2010) | Randomizado | Tratamento |
| PubMed |
| Greenberg BM (2009) | Revisão | Tratamento |
| PubMed |
| Pfadenhauer K, Roesler A e Golling A (2007) | Série de casos | Comprometimento do SNP |
| PubMed |
| Hoffman GS, Cid MC, Rendt-Zagar KE, Merkel PA, Weyand CM, Stone JH, et al. (2007) | Randomizado | Tratamento |
| PubMed |
| Kararizou E, Davaki P, Karandreas N, Danou R, Vassilopoulos D (2005) | Ensaio clínico | Comprometimento do SNP |
| PubMed |
| Younger DS (2004) | Revisão | Comprometimento do SNP + SNC |
| PubMed |
| Kikuchi H, Aramaki K e Hirohata S (2003) | Série de casos | Tratamento |
| PubMed |
| Rosenbaum R (2001) | Revisão | Comprometimento do SNP na AR, síndrome de Sjögren, LES, esclerose sistêmica e vasculite |
| PubMed |
| Moore PM (1989) | Revisão | Tratamento |
| PubMed |
| Bettoni L, Juvarra G, Bortone E e Lenchi A (1984) | Caso + revisão | Comprometimento do SNC |
LES: lúpus eritematoso sistêmico; SNC: sistema nervoso central; SNP: sistema nervoso periférico; AR: artrite reumatoide.