Nishtha Panwar1, Philemon Huang2, Jiaying Lee2, Pearse A Keane3,4, Tjin Swee Chuan1, Ashutosh Richhariya5, Stephen Teoh2, Tock Han Lim2, Rupesh Agrawal2,3,4. 1. 1 School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore . 2. 2 National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore . 3. 3 NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London, United Kingdom . 4. 4 Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London , London, United Kingdom . 5. 5 Institute of Translational Research, Engineering, and Advancement of Technology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad, India .
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The introduction of fundus photography has impacted retinal imaging and retinal screening programs significantly. LITERATURE REVIEW: Fundus cameras play a vital role in addressing the cause of preventive blindness. More attention is being turned to developing countries, where infrastructure and access to healthcare are limited. One of the major limitations for tele-ophthalmology is restricted access to the office-based fundus camera. RESULTS: Recent advances in access to telecommunications coupled with introduction of portable cameras and smartphone-based fundus imaging systems have resulted in an exponential surge in available technologies for portable fundus photography. Retinal cameras in the near future would have to cater to these needs by featuring a low-cost, portable design with automated controls and digitalized images with Web-based transfer. CONCLUSIONS: In this review, we aim to highlight the advances of fundus photography for retinal screening as well as discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and implications of the various technologies that are currently available.
BACKGROUND: The introduction of fundus photography has impacted retinal imaging and retinal screening programs significantly. LITERATURE REVIEW: Fundus cameras play a vital role in addressing the cause of preventive blindness. More attention is being turned to developing countries, where infrastructure and access to healthcare are limited. One of the major limitations for tele-ophthalmology is restricted access to the office-based fundus camera. RESULTS: Recent advances in access to telecommunications coupled with introduction of portable cameras and smartphone-based fundus imaging systems have resulted in an exponential surge in available technologies for portable fundus photography. Retinal cameras in the near future would have to cater to these needs by featuring a low-cost, portable design with automated controls and digitalized images with Web-based transfer. CONCLUSIONS: In this review, we aim to highlight the advances of fundus photography for retinal screening as well as discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and implications of the various technologies that are currently available.
Entities:
Keywords:
fundus camera; ophthalmic screening; portable camera system; portable eye examination kit; retinal photography; slit-lamp adaptors; smartphone-based camera system; tele-ophthalmology
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