Epigenetic mechanisms in learning and memory.

Recent discoveries have associated epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA (miRNA) processing, with activity-dependent changes in gene expression necessary to drive long-term memory formation. Here, we discuss the current interpretation of epigenetic mechanisms in the context of memory and sustained behavioral change. One of the two emerging viewpoints is that epigenetic mechanisms subserve information storage in the central nervous system (CNS), a notion supported by rodent studies of fear, recognition and spatial memories, and stress. The second viewpoint is that epigenetics serves as a mechanism for passing on acquired information across generations, a provocative notion now supported by several lines of work using developing and adult rodents. Continued research on such mechanisms promises to advance our understanding of biological pathways linking experiences to long-term and even multigenerational trajectories in neurobiology and behavior. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:105-115. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1205 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.