Microdissection TESE is superior to conventional TESE in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia caused by Y chromosome microdeletions.

Nonobstructive azoospermia is caused in up to 10% by microdeletions of the Y chromosome in the azoospermia factor (AZF) region, which is divided into three nonoverlapping areas (AZFa, AZFb and AZFc). In 25 male patients with AZF microdeletions, the results of two different techniques for surgical sperm retrieval (SR), conventional multilocular TESE and microdissection TESE, were studied retrospectively over a period of 19 years. Conventional multilocular TESE was carried out in 11 patients and microdissection TESE in 14 patients. Successful SR was possible only in patients with isolated AZFc microdeletions, so only the 20 patients with AZFc microdeletions alone were taken into account for the comparison of the both operative techniques. The sperm detection rate for conventional multilocular TESE was 25%, the sperm detection for microdissection TESE was significantly higher with 67%. In all patients, a histological examination of the testicular tissue was carried out, which showed a mixed picture, but Sertoli-cell-only syndrome in most cases. FSH was no prognostic marker for successful SR. In two of six couples performing an intracytoplasmic sperm injection until now, a pregnancy occurred.