Jon D Koch1, David E Jaramillo2, Enrico DiVito3,4, Ove A Peters5. 1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Allen School of Engineering, Trine University, Angola, IN, USA. 2. Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA. 3. Private Practice, Arizona Center for Laser Dentistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA. 4. Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Mesa, AZ, USA. 5. Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 5th St, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA. opeters@pacific.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare fluid movements generated from photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was performed using 6-μm melamine spheres in water. Measurement areas were 3-mm-long sections of the canal in the coronal, midroot and apical regions for PIPS (erbium/yttrium-aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser set at 15 Hz with 20 mJ), or passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI, non-cutting insert at 30% unit power) was performed in simulated root canals prepared to an apical size #30/0.04 taper. Fluid movement was analysed directly subjacent to the apical ends of ultrasonic insert or fiber optic tips as well as at midroot and apically. RESULTS: During PUI, measured average velocities were around 0.03 m/s in the immediate vicinity of the sides and tip of the ultrasonic file. Speeds decayed to non-measureable values at a distance of about 2 mm from the sides and tip. During PIPS, typical average speeds were about ten times higher than those measured for PUI, and they were measured throughout the length of the canal, at distances up to 20 mm away. CONCLUSIONS: PIPS caused higher average fluid speeds when compared to PUI, both close and distant from the instrument. The findings of this study could be relevant to the debriding and disinfecting stage of endodontic therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Irrigation enhancement beyond needle irrigation is relevant to more effectively eradicate microorganisms from root canal systems. PIPS may be an alternative approach due to its ability to create high streaming velocities further away from the activation source compared to ultrasonic activation.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare fluid movements generated from photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was performed using 6-μm melamine spheres in water. Measurement areas were 3-mm-long sections of the canal in the coronal, midroot and apical regions for PIPS (erbium/yttrium-aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser set at 15 Hz with 20 mJ), or passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI, non-cutting insert at 30% unit power) was performed in simulated root canals prepared to an apical size #30/0.04 taper. Fluid movement was analysed directly subjacent to the apical ends of ultrasonic insert or fiber optic tips as well as at midroot and apically. RESULTS: During PUI, measured average velocities were around 0.03 m/s in the immediate vicinity of the sides and tip of the ultrasonic file. Speeds decayed to non-measureable values at a distance of about 2 mm from the sides and tip. During PIPS, typical average speeds were about ten times higher than those measured for PUI, and they were measured throughout the length of the canal, at distances up to 20 mm away. CONCLUSIONS:PIPS caused higher average fluid speeds when compared to PUI, both close and distant from the instrument. The findings of this study could be relevant to the debriding and disinfecting stage of endodontic therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Irrigation enhancement beyond needle irrigation is relevant to more effectively eradicate microorganisms from root canal systems. PIPS may be an alternative approach due to its ability to create high streaming velocities further away from the activation source compared to ultrasonic activation.
Authors: Ricardo Macedo; Bram Verhaagen; David Fernandez Rivas; Michel Versluis; Paul Wesselink; Luc van der Sluis Journal: J Endod Date: 2013-10-28 Impact factor: 4.171
Authors: Jelena Vidas; Damir Snjaric; Alen Braut; Zoran Carija; Romana Persic Bukmir; Roeland J G De Moor; Ivana Brekalo Prso Journal: Lasers Med Sci Date: 2019-07-18 Impact factor: 3.161
Authors: Adham A Azim; Hacer Aksel; Tingting Zhuang; Terry Mashtare; Jegdish P Babu; George T-J Huang Journal: J Endod Date: 2016-04-27 Impact factor: 4.171
Authors: Markus Laky; Melanie Volmer; Muazzez Arslan; Hermann Agis; Andreas Moritz; Barbara Cvikl Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2018-04-23 Impact factor: 3.411