Leandro Leite Antonio1, Marlene Lulie Anderson1, Eskedar Ayele Angamo1, Siegrun Gabriel1, Zin-Juan Klaft1, Agustin Liotta2, Seda Salar1, Nora Sandow3, Uwe Heinemann4. 1. Institute of Neurophysiology and Neuroscience Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D 10117 Berlin, Germany. 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Charité - Univesitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. 3. Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. 4. Institute of Neurophysiology and Neuroscience Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D 10117 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: Uwe.Heinemann@charite.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In vivo, seizure like events are associated with increases in extracellular K(+) concentration, decreases in extracellular Ca(2+) concentration, diphasic changes in extracellular sodium, chloride, and proton concentration, as well as changes of extracellular space size. These changes point to mechanisms underlying the induction, spread and termination of seizure like events. METHODS: We investigated the potential role of alterations of the ionic environment on the induction of seizure like events-considering a review of the literature and own experimental work in animal and human slices. RESULTS: Increasing extracellular K(+) concentration, lowering extracellular Mg(2+) concentration, or lowering extracellular Ca(2+) concentration can induce seizure like events. In human tissue from epileptic patients, elevation of K(+) concentration induces seizure like events in the dentate gyrus and subiculum. A combination of elevated K(+) concentration and 4-AP or bicuculline can induce seizure like events in neocortical tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These protocols provide insight into the mechanisms involved in seizure initiation, spread and termination. Moreover, pharmacological studies as well as studies on mechanisms underlying pharmacoresistance are feasible.
BACKGROUND: In vivo, seizure like events are associated with increases in extracellular K(+) concentration, decreases in extracellular Ca(2+) concentration, diphasic changes in extracellular sodium, chloride, and proton concentration, as well as changes of extracellular space size. These changes point to mechanisms underlying the induction, spread and termination of seizure like events. METHODS: We investigated the potential role of alterations of the ionic environment on the induction of seizure like events-considering a review of the literature and own experimental work in animal and human slices. RESULTS: Increasing extracellular K(+) concentration, lowering extracellular Mg(2+) concentration, or lowering extracellular Ca(2+) concentration can induce seizure like events. In human tissue from epilepticpatients, elevation of K(+) concentration induces seizure like events in the dentate gyrus and subiculum. A combination of elevated K(+) concentration and 4-AP or bicuculline can induce seizure like events in neocortical tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These protocols provide insight into the mechanisms involved in seizure initiation, spread and termination. Moreover, pharmacological studies as well as studies on mechanisms underlying pharmacoresistance are feasible.
Authors: L-E Martinet; G Fiddyment; J R Madsen; E N Eskandar; W Truccolo; U T Eden; S S Cash; M A Kramer Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2017-04-04 Impact factor: 14.919
Authors: J Wickham; N G Brödjegård; R Vighagen; L H Pinborg; J Bengzon; D P D Woldbye; M Kokaia; M Andersson Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-03-07 Impact factor: 4.379