Aphasia and the neuropsychobiology of stress.

Individuals with aphasia face significant challenges in their lives. These challenges stem from the difficulties caused by impaired language function. Impairment in the ability to successfully communicate could be a significant source of stress to individuals with aphasia. The purpose of the current paper is to present a review of the literature on the neuropsychobiology of stress and aphasia, give a contemporary conceptualization of stress (both neurobiological and psychological), offer a framework and directions for future investigations in stress and aphasia, and finally suggest clinical implications for this line of inquiry.