Sonia Garg1, James A de Lemos1, Colby Ayers2, Michel G Khouri3, Ambarish Pandey1, Jarett D Berry4, Ronald M Peshock5, Mark H Drazner6. 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. 2. Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. 3. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. 4. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. 5. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. 6. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Electronic address: mark.drazner@utsouthwestern.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine whether a 4-tiered classification of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) defines subgroups in the general population that are at variable risks of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. BACKGROUND: We recently proposed a 4-tiered classification of LVH where eccentric LVH is subdivided into "indeterminate hypertrophy" and "dilated hypertrophy" and concentric LVH into "thick hypertrophy" and "both thick and dilated hypertrophy," based on the presence of increased left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume. METHODS: Participants from the Dallas Heart study who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance and did not have LV dysfunction or a history of heart failure (HF) (n = 2,458) were followed for a median of 9 years for the primary outcome of HF or CV death. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for age, sex, African-American race, hypertension, diabetes, and history of CV disease. RESULTS: In the cohort, 70% had no LVH, 404 (16%) had indeterminate hypertrophy, 30 (1%) had dilated hypertrophy, 289 (12%) had thick hypertrophy, and 7 (0.2%) had both thick and dilated hypertrophy. The cumulative incidence of HF or CV death was 2% with no LVH, 1.7% with indeterminate, 16.7% with dilated, 11.1% with thick, and 42.9% with both thick and dilated hypertrophy (log-rank p < 0.0001). Compared with participants without LVH, those with dilated (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8 to 18.8), thick (HR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.4 to 4.0), and both thick and dilated (HR: 5.8; 95% CI: 1.7 to 19.5) hypertrophy remained at increased risk for HF or CV death after multivariable adjustment, whereas the group with indeterminate hypertrophy was not (HR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.4 to 2.2). CONCLUSIONS: In the general population, the 4-tiered classification system for LVH stratified LVH into subgroups with differential risk of adverse CV outcomes.
OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine whether a 4-tiered classification of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) defines subgroups in the general population that are at variable risks of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. BACKGROUND: We recently proposed a 4-tiered classification of LVH where eccentric LVH is subdivided into "indeterminate hypertrophy" and "dilated hypertrophy" and concentric LVH into "thick hypertrophy" and "both thick and dilated hypertrophy," based on the presence of increased left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume. METHODS:Participants from the Dallas Heart study who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance and did not have LV dysfunction or a history of heart failure (HF) (n = 2,458) were followed for a median of 9 years for the primary outcome of HF or CV death. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for age, sex, African-American race, hypertension, diabetes, and history of CV disease. RESULTS: In the cohort, 70% had no LVH, 404 (16%) had indeterminate hypertrophy, 30 (1%) had dilated hypertrophy, 289 (12%) had thick hypertrophy, and 7 (0.2%) had both thick and dilated hypertrophy. The cumulative incidence of HF or CV death was 2% with no LVH, 1.7% with indeterminate, 16.7% with dilated, 11.1% with thick, and 42.9% with both thick and dilated hypertrophy (log-rank p < 0.0001). Compared with participants without LVH, those with dilated (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8 to 18.8), thick (HR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.4 to 4.0), and both thick and dilated (HR: 5.8; 95% CI: 1.7 to 19.5) hypertrophy remained at increased risk for HF or CV death after multivariable adjustment, whereas the group with indeterminate hypertrophy was not (HR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.4 to 2.2). CONCLUSIONS: In the general population, the 4-tiered classification system for LVH stratified LVH into subgroups with differential risk of adverse CV outcomes.
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