Exploring the evolution of marine invertebrate cryopreservation - Landmarks, state of the art and future lines of research.

Lanan (1971) working on oyster sperm and Asahina and Takahashi (1977) on sea urchin sperm and embryos can be considered the pioneers in marine invertebrate cryopreservation. It was from the 90s onwards when the number of references began to increase and diversify not only the range of species of interest but also in the cell types and fields of application. This work is an attempt to summarize the research published on marine invertebrates in a wide variety of journals regarding the development and the applications of marine invertebrate cryopreservation protocols. This paper reviews factors and trends, the obtained results, remaining technical constraints and the immediate future of marine invertebrate cryopreservation.