Huey-Fen Wang1, Neng-Chun Yu2, Wayne H-H Sheu3,4,5, Mei Chang Yeh6. 1. Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan. 2. Neng-Chun Diabetes Clinic, Ilan County, Taiwan. 3. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. 4. School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. 5. College of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. 6. School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan. mchang@ntu.edu.tw.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of a Diabetes-Related Distress Questionnaire for Chinese-speaking patients with diabetes. METHODS: The Diabetes-Related Distress Questionnaire (DRDQ) included 11 quality-of-life questions translated from a Diabetes, Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs study and four native items developed by researchers based on patients' experiences. A sample of 981 Chinese-speaking patients with diabetes in Taiwan was invited to complete the questionnaire. RESULTS: A minimum of 4.2 % of patients used each response option for each item. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a two-factor structure, representing treatment-related distress (factor 1) and progression-related distress (factor 2). The mean loading of items on their corresponding factor was high (0.60), while the mean loading on the other factor was low (0.10). A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a single structure of the DRDQ (root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.063, comparative fit index = 0.93). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.89 for the DRDQ scale, 0.87 for the factor 1, and 0.68 for the factor 2. As expected, people with insulin-treated and HbA1c > 7 % reported significantly greater negative scores than their counterparts on the total score and all items of the DRDQ, with the exception of item 2. A moderate effect size was demonstrated between insulin known groups (ranging from 0.14 to 0.46) and between HbA1c known groups (ranging from 0.08 to 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The DRDQ is a psychometrically sound instrument that can be used to assess diabetes-related distress in Chinese-speaking patients in Taiwan.
PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of a Diabetes-Related Distress Questionnaire for Chinese-speaking patients with diabetes. METHODS: The Diabetes-Related Distress Questionnaire (DRDQ) included 11 quality-of-life questions translated from a Diabetes, Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs study and four native items developed by researchers based on patients' experiences. A sample of 981 Chinese-speaking patients with diabetes in Taiwan was invited to complete the questionnaire. RESULTS: A minimum of 4.2 % of patients used each response option for each item. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a two-factor structure, representing treatment-related distress (factor 1) and progression-related distress (factor 2). The mean loading of items on their corresponding factor was high (0.60), while the mean loading on the other factor was low (0.10). A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a single structure of the DRDQ (root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.063, comparative fit index = 0.93). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.89 for the DRDQ scale, 0.87 for the factor 1, and 0.68 for the factor 2. As expected, people with insulin-treated and HbA1c > 7 % reported significantly greater negative scores than their counterparts on the total score and all items of the DRDQ, with the exception of item 2. A moderate effect size was demonstrated between insulin known groups (ranging from 0.14 to 0.46) and between HbA1c known groups (ranging from 0.08 to 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The DRDQ is a psychometrically sound instrument that can be used to assess diabetes-related distress in Chinese-speaking patients in Taiwan.
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