Parkinson's disease psychosis: symptoms, management, and economic burden.

Parkinson’s disease psychosis (PDP) is a costly,debilitating condition that generally develops several years after diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD).PD is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease, and it imposes a significant burden on the healthcare system. Non-motor symptoms commonly manifest in PD, contributing to the severity of a patient’s disability. The neuropsychiatric symptoms that are common in PD can be a significant source of distress to patients and caregivers. Recent studies have shown that more than 50% of patients with PD will develop psychosis at some time over the course of the disease. The responsibility for caring for a person with PDP frequently falls on family members. Caregiver distress is frequently predicted when patients with PD have symptoms of psychosis.Hallucinations and delusions are independent predictors of nursing home placement for patients with PDP. The authors sought to examine total healthcare expenditures among patients with PDP compared with patients with PD without psychosis.All costs were higher for patients with PDP than for those with PD without psychosis and all-Medicare cohorts, with the highest cost differentials found in long-term care costs ($31,178 for PDP vs $14,461 forPD without psychosis), skilled nursing facility costs($6601 for PDP vs $2067 for PD without psychosis),and inpatient costs ($10,125 for PDP vs $6024 for PD without psychosis). Patients with PDP spent an average of 179 days in long-term care, compared with 83 days for patients with PD without psychosis. As expected, long-term care utilization and expenditures were significantly higher for patients with PDP than for patients with PD without psychosis. Reducing long-term care utilization by patients with PDP may significantly lower the overall economic burden associated with PDP.