Klaudia Polak1, Michelle M Acierno1, Karthik Raj1, Keijiro Mizukami1, Don L Siegel2, Urs Giger1. 1. Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 2. Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 blood group system remains poorly defined. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to determine the DEA 1 mode of inheritance and to characterize the DEA 1 antigen and alloantibodies. ANIMALS: Canine research colony families, clinic canine patients, and DEA 1.2+ blood bank dogs were studied. METHODS: Canine blood was typed by flow cytometry and immunochromatographic strips using anti-DEA 1 monoclonal antibodies. Gel column experiments with polyclonal and immunoblotting with monoclonal anti-DEA 1 antibodies were performed to analyze select samples. Cross-reactivity of human typing reagents against canine RBC and one monoclonal anti-DEA 1 antibody against human RBC panels was assessed. RESULTS: Typing of 12 families comprising 144 dogs indicated an autosomal dominant inheritance with ≥ 4 alleles: DEA 1- (0) and DEA 1+ weak (1+), intermediate (2+), and strong (3+ and 4+). Samples from 6 dogs previously typed as DEA 1.2+ were typed as DEA 1+ or DEA 1- using monoclonal antibodies. Human typing reagents produced varied reactions in tube agglutination experiments against DEA 1+ and DEA 1- RBC. Polypeptide bands were not detected on immunoblots using a monoclonal anti-DEA 1 antibody, therefore the anti-DEA 1 antibody may be specific for conformational epitopes lost during processing. CONCLUSIONS: The autosomal dominant inheritance of DEA 1 with ≥ 4 alleles indicates a complex blood group system; the antigenicity of each DEA 1+ type will need to be determined. The biochemical nature of the DEA 1 antigen(s) appears different from human blood group systems tested.
BACKGROUND: The dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 blood group system remains poorly defined. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to determine the DEA 1 mode of inheritance and to characterize the DEA 1 antigen and alloantibodies. ANIMALS: Canine research colony families, clinic caninepatients, and DEA 1.2+ blood bank dogs were studied. METHODS:Canine blood was typed by flow cytometry and immunochromatographic strips using anti-DEA 1 monoclonal antibodies. Gel column experiments with polyclonal and immunoblotting with monoclonal anti-DEA 1 antibodies were performed to analyze select samples. Cross-reactivity of human typing reagents against canine RBC and one monoclonal anti-DEA 1 antibody against human RBC panels was assessed. RESULTS: Typing of 12 families comprising 144 dogs indicated an autosomal dominant inheritance with ≥ 4 alleles: DEA 1- (0) and DEA 1+ weak (1+), intermediate (2+), and strong (3+ and 4+). Samples from 6 dogs previously typed as DEA 1.2+ were typed as DEA 1+ or DEA 1- using monoclonal antibodies. Human typing reagents produced varied reactions in tube agglutination experiments against DEA 1+ and DEA 1- RBC. Polypeptide bands were not detected on immunoblots using a monoclonal anti-DEA 1 antibody, therefore the anti-DEA 1 antibody may be specific for conformational epitopes lost during processing. CONCLUSIONS: The autosomal dominant inheritance of DEA 1 with ≥ 4 alleles indicates a complex blood group system; the antigenicity of each DEA 1+ type will need to be determined. The biochemical nature of the DEA 1 antigen(s) appears different from human blood group systems tested.
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