Preparation of Chemically-Tailored Copolymer Membranes with Tunable Ion Transport Properties.

Membranes derived from copolymer materials are a promising platform due to their straightforward fabrication and small yet tunable pore structures. However, most current applications of these membranes are limited to the size-selective filtration of solutes. In this study, to advance the utility of copolymer membranes beyond size-selective filtrations, a poly(acrylonitrile-r-oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-r-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(AN-r-OEGMA-r-GMA)) copolymer is used to fabricate membranes that can be chemically modified via straightforward schemes. The P(AN-r-OEGMA-r-GMA) copolymer is cast into asymmetric membranes using a nonsolvent induced phase separation technique. Then, the surface charge of the membrane is modified to tailor its performance for nanofiltration applications. The oxirane groups of the glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) moiety that line the pore walls of the membrane allows for both positively charged and negatively charged moieties to be introduced directly without any prior activation. Notably, the highly size-selective nanostructure of the copolymer materials is retained throughout the functionalization processes. Specifically, amine moieties are attached to the pore walls using the aminolysis of the oxirane groups. The resulting amine-functionalized membrane is positively charged and rejects up to 87% of the salt dissolved in a 10 mM magnesium chloride feed solution. Further modification of the amine-functionalized membrane with 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate results in pore walls lined by sulfonic acid moieties. These negatively charged membranes reject up to 90% of a 10 mM sodium sulfate feed solution. Throughout the modification scheme, the membrane permeability remains equal to 1.5 L m(-2) h(-1) bar(-1) and the rejection of neutral solutes (i.e., sucrose and poly(ethylene oxide)) is consistent with the membrane having a single well-defined pore diameter of ∼5 nm. The performance of the membrane as a function of ion valence number, solution pH, and ionic strength is investigated.