OBJECTIVE: Development and validation of a novel assay, the Plated Hepatocyte Relay Assay (PHRA), for the determination of the metabolic fates of slowly metabolized compounds. METHOD: Cryopreserved human hepatocytes were cultured for 4 h followed by incubation with slowly metabolized compounds for 24 h (initial incubation). On the next day, the incubated media were collected and added to hepatocytes was similarly prepared on the day of incubation (48 h incubation; 1(st) relay). The procedures were repeated on the next days (72 h (2(nd) relay), 96 h (3rd relay), and 120 h (4(th) relay) incubations). RESULTS: A proof-of-concept study with two low clearance compounds, diazepam and tolbutamide, and a validation study with 15 ultra-low clearance compounds (CLnon-renal < 1 mL/min/kg) and low clearance compounds (CLnon-renal 1- 5.1 mL/min/kg) were performed. Linear time-dependent disappearance of the parent compounds was observed for all compounds. Application of published free fraction values in combination with a correction factor with in vitro hepatic clearance results obtained with the PHRA accurately predicted in vivo hepatic clearance. CONCLUSION: PHRA represents a useful experimental system for the evaluation of the metabolic fates of low clearance compounds in drug development.
OBJECTIVE: Development and validation of a novel assay, the Plated Hepatocyte Relay Assay (PHRA), for the determination of the metabolic fates of slowly metabolized compounds. METHOD: Cryopreserved human hepatocytes were cultured for 4 h followed by incubation with slowly metabolized compounds for 24 h (initial incubation). On the next day, the incubated media were collected and added to hepatocytes was similarly prepared on the day of incubation (48 h incubation; 1(st) relay). The procedures were repeated on the next days (72 h (2(nd) relay), 96 h (3rd relay), and 120 h (4(th) relay) incubations). RESULTS: A proof-of-concept study with two low clearance compounds, diazepam and tolbutamide, and a validation study with 15 ultra-low clearance compounds (CLnon-renal < 1 mL/min/kg) and low clearance compounds (CLnon-renal 1- 5.1 mL/min/kg) were performed. Linear time-dependent disappearance of the parent compounds was observed for all compounds. Application of published free fraction values in combination with a correction factor with in vitro hepatic clearance results obtained with the PHRA accurately predicted in vivo hepatic clearance. CONCLUSION: PHRA represents a useful experimental system for the evaluation of the metabolic fates of low clearance compounds in drug development.