Intermittent claudication due to peripheral artery disease: best modern medical and endovascular therapeutic approaches.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is ubiquitous in the USA and is associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Clinical manifestations of PAD are broad and range from the asymptomatic patient to intermittent claudication (IC) to critical limb ischemia (CLI). The efficacy of non-invasive treatment strategies for PAD has been well documented. These include smoking cessation, supervised exercise programs, and medical therapy. Strategies for invasive management of PAD are more controversial due to variability in the manifestations of PAD including lesion length, location, severity, and clinical presentation. This has made formal comparative effectiveness of interventional therapies in PAD challenging. The current review aims to summarize the most recent clinical research in the field of PAD in patients with IC, with a focus on the latest studies regarding risk factor modification and endovascular revascularization therapies.