| Literature DB >> 26270011 |
María Belén Herrero1, Silvina Arrossi2, Silvina Ramos2, Jose Ueleres Braga3.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify spatial distribution patterns of the proportion of nonadherence to tuberculosis treatment and its associated factors. METHODS We conducted an ecological study based on secondary and primary data from municipalities of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. An exploratory analysis of the characteristics of the area and the distributions of the cases included in the sample (proportion of nonadherence) was also carried out along with a multifactor analysis by linear regression. The variables related to the characteristics of the population, residences and families were analyzed. RESULTS Areas with higher proportion of the population without social security benefits (p = 0.007) and of households with unsatisfied basic needs had a higher risk of nonadherence (p = 0.032). In addition, the proportion of nonadherence was higher in areas with the highest proportion of households with no public transportation within 300 meters (p = 0.070). CONCLUSIONS We found a risk area for the nonadherence to treatment characterized by a population living in poverty, with precarious jobs and difficult access to public transportation.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2015 PMID: 26270011 PMCID: PMC4544507 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005391
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Saude Publica ISSN: 0034-8910 Impact factor: 2.106
Figure 1Study area: selected municipalities from Sixth Health Region (6th HR) and census fractions. Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2001.
Characteristics of the area, residences, households and population related to the cases of tuberculosis. Sixth Health Region (6th HR), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2001.
| Characteristic | Existence (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AB | AV | BZ | EE | EZ | LZ | QM | Total | |
|
| ||||||||
| % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Area and residences characteristics | ||||||||
| Electricity per household | 96.0 | 100 | 98.3 | 98.9 | 97.5 | 98.7 | 95.3 | 97.2 |
| Paved Street | 73.0 | 100 | 75.4 | 72.4 | 78.2 | 87.2 | 72.8 | 76.1 |
| Waterwaste and sewage treatment system | 13.0 | 85.3 | 73.8 | 4.9 | 2.0 | 6.7 | 59.0 | 37.5 |
| Garbage collection service | 87.3 | 100 | 95.3 | 89.8 | 97.2 | 92.9 | 88.7 | 91.5 |
| Gas pipeline network | 63.6 | 97.8 | 87.9 | 64.0 | 62.0 | 75.3 | 69.7 | 72.2 |
| Electrical power installation | 44.5 | 100 | 99.7 | 41.3 | 30.1 | 89.3 | 92.7 | 74.4 |
| Deprived dwelling | 34.8 | 2.4 | 23.1 | 38.0 | 39.3 | 31.0 | 30.0 | 30.7 |
| Ceramic floors, flag stone or mosaic | 48.1 | 75.8 | 56.2 | 41.3 | 38.4 | 53.0 | 52.5 | 50.4 |
| Water supply in the residence | 64.3 | 76.7 | 78.7 | 58.7 | 52.3 | 69.1 | 74.2 | 69.0 |
| Public transportation within 300 m | 90.2 | 100 | 89.9 | 85.2 | 81.8 | 89.9 | 84.9 | 87.2 |
| Characteristics of households and population | ||||||||
| Kitchen with piped water | 62.0 | 77.5 | 75.2 | 56.0 | 48.7 | 68.4 | 71.2 | 66.1 |
| Microwave oven | 9.8 | 27.7 | 14.1 | 10.6 | 9.1 | 10.1 | 14.2 | 12.4 |
| Overcrowding | 7.1 | 10.2 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 8.7 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 6.4 |
| Water-closet without flushing system or without water-closet | 28.6 | 0.7 | 17.6 | 31.1 | 32.1 | 25.0 | 23.1 | 24.4 |
| Refrigerator (with or without freezer) | 81.8 | 77.6 | 85.1 | 81.0 | 76.5 | 82.0 | 82.4 | 81.9 |
| Computer (with or without Internet) | 8.9 | 23.6 | 13.7 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 12.5 | 11.6 |
| Literate population | 84.1 | 91.7 | 85.3 | 83.9 | 83.3 | 86.7 | 85.8 | 85.2 |
| Population without health insurance | 63.7 | 33.0 | 57.8 | 63.2 | 62.7 | 63.7 | 54.8 | 59.0 |
| Telephone (landline, mobile or both) | 53.1 | 69.5 | 58.3 | 53.9 | 49.0 | 54.8 | 54.4 | 54.8 |
| No material deprivation in the residences | 34.7 | 65.7 | 43.6 | 33.9 | 31.6 | 38.7 | 41.5 | 39.3 |
| With material deprivation in the residences | 21.4 | 0.2 | 16.1 | 21.7 | 23.2 | 19.7 | 19.0 | 19.2 |
| With at least a UBN indicator | 20.7 | 4.4 | 17.2 | 19.3 | 20.2 | 18.8 | 23.0 | 19.9 |
| With UBN per subsistence condition | 7.0 | 1.4 | 6.2 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 18.3 | 21.1 | 11.8 |
| With one spouse unemployed or inactive | 50.8 | 50.1 | 48.2 | 53.0 | 52.7 | 48.7 | 49.9 | 50.3 |
| Population that contributes to or receives retirement funds | 12.6 | 27.7 | 15.2 | 13.0 | 13.6 | 13.2 | 17.3 | 15.1 |
| Unemployed population | 17.5 | 12.3 | 18.7 | 16.0 | 14.5 | 19.8 | 17.3 | 17.3 |
Sources: Cross-sectional study (ECM, 2008)e and National Census of Population and Households, INDEC, 2001.g
AB: Almirante Brown; AV: Avellaneda; BZ: Berazategui; EE: Esteban Echeverría; EZ: Ezeiza; LZ: Lomas de Zamora; QM: Quilmes; UBN: unsatisfied basic needs
Relationship between sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the proportion of nonadherence in the selected municipalities. Sixth Health Region (6th HR), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2001.
| Characteristic | Correlation coefficient (ρ =) | p |
|---|---|---|
| Refrigerator or freezer | 0.17 | 0.194 |
| Contribution to retirement: do not contribute or do not receive salary | 0.21 | 0.104 |
| UBN indicator of subsistence conditions | 0.26 | 0.048 |
| Public transportation within 300 m (3 blocks) | 0.21 | 0.104 |
| Water-closet without flushing system or without water-closet | 0.17 | 0.200 |
| Population between 15 and 64 years | 0.15 | > 0.20 |
| Illiterate population | 0.06 | > 0.20 |
| Piped water | 0.15 | > 0.20 |
| Condition: unemployed | 0.05 | > 0.20 |
| Population without health insurance | 0.05 | > 0.20 |
| Water supply in the residence | 0.14 | > 0.20 |
| Washing machine or washing tank | 0.15 | > 0.20 |
| With at least a UBN indicator | 0.07 | > 0.20 |
| Level of education: Incomplete Elementary School | 0.13 | > 0.20 |
Source: Original compilation. Cross-sectional study (ECM, 2008)e and National Census of Population and Households, INDEC, 2001.g
Multiple regression model for sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics related to the dropout proportion in the selected municipalities. Sixth Health Region (6th HR), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2001.
| Characteristic | Regression coefficient adj | 95%CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contribution to retirement: do not contribute nor receive it | 1,068.21 | 300.35;1836.07 | 0.007 |
| UBN indicator of subsistence conditions | 145.18 | 12.56;277.79 | 0.032 |
| Public transportation within 300 m | 103.06 | -8.70;214.81 | 0.070 |
Source: Original compilation. Cross-sectional study (ECM, 2008)e and National Census of Population and Households, INDEC, 2001.g
Figure 2Distribution of the indicators of the multiple regression model and the dropout proportion. Selected municipalities from Sixth Health Region (6th HR) by census fraction. Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2001.
Figura 1Área de estudio: municipios seleccionados de la Región Sanitaria VI (RSVI) y fracciones censales. Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2001.
Características del área, las viviendas, los hogares y la población de donde provienen los casos de tuberculosis. Región Sanitaria VI, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2001.
| Característica | Existencia de (en %) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AB | AV | BZ | EE | EZ | LZ | QM | Total | |
|
| ||||||||
| % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Características del área y las viviendas | ||||||||
| Energía eléctrica por red domiciliaria | 96,0 | 100 | 98,3 | 98,9 | 97,5 | 98,7 | 95,3 | 97,2 |
| Calle pavimentada | 73,0 | 100 | 75,4 | 72,4 | 78,2 | 87,2 | 72,8 | 76,1 |
| Sistema de cloacas | 13,0 | 85,3 | 73,8 | 4,9 | 2,0 | 6,7 | 59,0 | 37,5 |
| Servicio de recolección de residuos | 87,3 | 100 | 95,3 | 89,8 | 97,2 | 92,9 | 88,7 | 91,5 |
| Gas natural de red | 63,6 | 97,8 | 87,9 | 64,0 | 62,0 | 75,3 | 69,7 | 72,2 |
| Instalación de energía eléctrica | 44,5 | 100 | 99,7 | 41,3 | 30,1 | 89,3 | 92,7 | 74,4 |
| Vivienda deficitaria | 34,8 | 2,4 | 23,1 | 38,0 | 39,3 | 31,0 | 30,0 | 30,7 |
| Pisos de cerámica, baldosa o mosaico | 48,1 | 75,8 | 56,2 | 41,3 | 38,4 | 53,0 | 52,5 | 50,4 |
| Provisión de agua dentro de la vivienda | 64,3 | 76,7 | 78,7 | 58,7 | 52,3 | 69,1 | 74,2 | 69,0 |
| Transporte público a menos de 300 m de la vivienda | 90,2 | 100 | 89,9 | 85,2 | 81,8 | 89,9 | 84,9 | 87,2 |
| Características de los hogares y la población | ||||||||
| Con cocina con instalación de agua | 62,0 | 77,5 | 75,2 | 56,0 | 48,7 | 68,4 | 71,2 | 66,1 |
| Con horno a microondas | 9,8 | 27,7 | 14,1 | 10,6 | 9,1 | 10,1 | 14,2 | 12,4 |
| Con hacinamiento agrupado | 7,1 | 10,2 | 5,8 | 7,2 | 8,7 | 6,3 | 5,9 | 6,4 |
| Con inodoro sin descarga o sin inodoro | 28,6 | 0,7 | 17,6 | 31,1 | 32,1 | 25,0 | 23,1 | 24,4 |
| Con nevera (con o sin congelador) | 81,8 | 77,6 | 85,1 | 81,0 | 76,5 | 82,0 | 82,4 | 81,9 |
| Con computadora (con o sin Internet) | 8,9 | 23,6 | 13,7 | 10,1 | 9,2 | 9,7 | 12,5 | 11,6 |
| Población alfabetizada | 84,1 | 91,7 | 85,3 | 83,9 | 83,3 | 86,7 | 85,8 | 85,2 |
| Población sin cobertura de salud | 63,7 | 33,0 | 57,8 | 63,2 | 62,7 | 63,7 | 54,8 | 59,0 |
| Con teléfono (fijo, celular o ambas cosas) | 53,1 | 69,5 | 58,3 | 53,9 | 49,0 | 54,8 | 54,4 | 54,8 |
| Ningún tipo de Privación Material del Hogar | 34,7 | 65,7 | 43,6 | 33,9 | 31,6 | 38,7 | 41,5 | 39,3 |
| Con Privación Material de los Hogares Convergente | 21,4 | 0,2 | 16,1 | 21,7 | 23,2 | 19,7 | 19,0 | 19,2 |
| Con al menos un indicador de NBI | 20,7 | 4,4 | 17,2 | 19,3 | 20,2 | 18,8 | 23,0 | 19,9 |
| Con NBI por condición de subsistencia | 7,0 | 1,4 | 6,2 | 4,9 | 5,8 | 18,3 | 21,1 | 11,8 |
| Con uno de los cónyuges desocupado o inactivo | 50,8 | 50,1 | 48,2 | 53,0 | 52,7 | 48,7 | 49,9 | 50,3 |
| Población que aporta o le descuentan jubilación | 12,6 | 27,7 | 15,2 | 13,0 | 13,6 | 13,2 | 17,3 | 15,1 |
| Población desocupada | 17,5 | 12,3 | 18,7 | 16,0 | 14,5 | 19,8 | 17,3 | 17,3 |
Fuentes: Estudio de corte transversal (ECM 2008)e y Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas, INDEC, 2001. g
AB: Almirante Brown; AV: Avellaneda; BZ: Berazategui; EE: Esteban Echeverría; EZ: Ezeiza; LZ: Lomas de Zamora; QM: Quilmes; NBI: necesidades básicas insatisfechas
Relaciones entre características sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas y la proporción de no adherencia en los municipios seleccionados. Región Sanitaria VI, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2001.
| Característica | Coeficiente de correlación (ρ =) | p |
|---|---|---|
| Tenencia de nevera o congelador (con o sin congelador) | 0,17 | 0,194 |
| Aporte jubilatorio: no aportan o no recibe sueldo | 0,21 | 0,104 |
| Indicador NBI condiciones de subsistencia | 0,26 | 0,048 |
| Existencia de transporte público a menos de 300 metros (3 cuadras) | 0,21 | 0,104 |
| Inodoro sin descarga o sin inodoro | 0,17 | 0,200 |
| Población de 15 a 64 años | 0,15 | > 0,20 |
| Población analfabeta | 0,06 | > 0,20 |
| Existencia de red de agua corriente | 0,15 | > 0,20 |
| Condición de actividad desagregada: desocupados | 0,05 | > 0,20 |
| Población sin cobertura de salud | 0,05 | > 0,20 |
| Provisión de agua en la vivienda | 0,14 | > 0,20 |
| Tenencia de lavarropas automático o común | 0,15 | > 0,20 |
| Al menos un indicador de NBI | 0,07 | > 0,20 |
| Situación educativa: Primaria incompleta | 0,13 | > 0,20 |
Fuente: Elaboración propia. Estudio de corte transversal (ECM 2008)e y Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas, INDEC, 2001.g
Modelo de regresión múltiple para las características sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas relacionadas a la proporción de abandono en municipios seleccionados. Región Sanitaria VI, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2001.
| Característica | Coeficiente de regresión adj | IC95% | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aporte jubilatorio: no aporta ni le descuentan | 1.068,21 | 300,35;1836,07 | 0,007 |
| Indicador NBI condiciones de subsistência | 145,18 | 12,56;277,79 | 0,032 |
| Transporte público a menos de 300 | 103,06 | -8,70;214,81 | 0,070 |
Fuente: Elaboración propia. Estudio de corte transversal (ECM 2008)e y Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas, INDEC, 2001.g
Figura 2Distribución de los indicadores del modelo de regresión múltiple, y la proporción de abandono. Municipios seleccionados de la Región Sanitaria VI, por fracción censal. Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2001.