Dennis-Peter Born1, Raphael Faiss2,3,4, Sarah Jean Willis5, Jana Strahler6, Gregoire P Millet3,4, Hans-Christer Holmberg5, Billy Sperlich7. 1. Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. dennis.born@web.de. 2. Swiss Federal Institute of Sport, Section for Elite Sport, Magglingen, Switzerland. 3. ISSUL Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 4. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 5. Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Oestersund, Sweden. 6. Clinical Biopsychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. 7. Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the circadian variations in salivary immunoglobin A (sIgA) and alpha-amylase activity (sAA), biomarkers of mucosal immune function, together with mood during 2 weeks of repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) and normoxia (RSN). METHODS: Over a 2-week period, 17 competitive cross-country skiers performed six training sessions, each consisting of four sets of five 10-s bouts of all-out double-poling under either normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 13.8%, 3000 m) or normoxia. The levels of sIgA and sAA activity and mood were determined five times during each of the first (T1) and sixth (T6) days of training, as well as during days preceding (baseline) and after the training intervention (follow-up). RESULTS: With RSH, sIgA was higher on T6 than T1 (P = 0.049), and sAA was increased on days T1, T6, and during the follow-up (P < 0.01). With RSN, sIgA remained unchanged and sAA was elevated on day T1 only (P = 0.04). Similarly, the RSH group demonstrated reduced mood on days T1, T6, and during the follow-up, while mood was lowered only on T1 with RSN (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The circadian variation of sIgA and sAA activity, biomarkers of mucosal immune function, as well as mood were similar on the first day of training when repeated double-poling sprints were performed with or without hypoxia. Only with RSH did the levels of sIgA and sAA activity rise with time, becoming maximal after six training sessions, when mood was still lowered. Therefore, six sessions of RSH reduced mood, but did not impair mucosal immune function.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: To assess the circadian variations in salivary immunoglobin A (sIgA) and alpha-amylase activity (sAA), biomarkers of mucosal immune function, together with mood during 2 weeks of repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) and normoxia (RSN). METHODS: Over a 2-week period, 17 competitive cross-country skiers performed six training sessions, each consisting of four sets of five 10-s bouts of all-out double-poling under either normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 13.8%, 3000 m) or normoxia. The levels of sIgA and sAA activity and mood were determined five times during each of the first (T1) and sixth (T6) days of training, as well as during days preceding (baseline) and after the training intervention (follow-up). RESULTS: With RSH, sIgA was higher on T6 than T1 (P = 0.049), and sAA was increased on days T1, T6, and during the follow-up (P < 0.01). With RSN, sIgA remained unchanged and sAA was elevated on day T1 only (P = 0.04). Similarly, the RSH group demonstrated reduced mood on days T1, T6, and during the follow-up, while mood was lowered only on T1 with RSN (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The circadian variation of sIgA and sAA activity, biomarkers of mucosal immune function, as well as mood were similar on the first day of training when repeated double-poling sprints were performed with or without hypoxia. Only with RSH did the levels of sIgA and sAA activity rise with time, becoming maximal after six training sessions, when mood was still lowered. Therefore, six sessions of RSH reduced mood, but did not impair mucosal immune function.
Authors: Douglas A Granger; Katie T Kivlighan; Christine Fortunato; Amanda G Harmon; Leah C Hibel; Eve B Schwartz; Guy-Lucien Whembolua Journal: Physiol Behav Date: 2007-05-22
Authors: Mitch D VanBruggen; Anthony C Hackney; Robert G McMurray; Kristin S Ondrak Journal: Int J Sports Physiol Perform Date: 2011-09 Impact factor: 4.010
Authors: D C Nieman; D A Henson; O R Fagoaga; A C Utter; D M Vinci; J M Davis; S L Nehlsen-Cannarella Journal: Int J Sports Med Date: 2002-01 Impact factor: 3.118
Authors: Alexandre Moreira; Arnaldo L Mortatti; Ademir F S Arruda; Camila G Freitas; Miguel de Arruda; Marcelo S Aoki Journal: J Strength Cond Res Date: 2014-02 Impact factor: 3.775
Authors: Kim Hébert-Losier; Christoph Zinner; Simon Platt; Thomas Stöggl; Hans-Christer Holmberg Journal: Sports Med Date: 2017-02 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Billy Sperlich; Ine De Clerck; Christoph Zinner; Hans-Christer Holmberg; Birgit Wallmann-Sperlich Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2018-10-16 Impact factor: 4.566