Shravani Ganta1, Asif Yousuf2, Anup Nagaraj3, Sonia Pareek4, Mohsin Sidiq5, Kushpal Singh6, Preeti Vishnani7. 1. Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Jaipur Dental College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India . 2. Registrar, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College , Srinagar, J&K, India . 3. Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Jaipur Dental College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India . 4. Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College , Jaipur. Rajasthan, India . 5. Registrar, Department of Pedodontics, Govt. Dental College , Srinagar, J&K, India . 6. Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre , Dilsukhnagar, Hyderabad, India . 7. Post Graduate, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Jaipur Dental College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fluoride in drinking water is known for both beneficial and detrimental effects on health. The principal sources of fluoride include water, some species of vegetation, certain edible marine animals, dust and industrial processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fluoride retention of most commonly consumed estuarine fishes among fish consuming population of Andhra Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the amount of fluoride retention due to ten most commonly consumed estuarine fishes as a contributing factor to Fluorosis by SPADNS Spectrophotometric method. The presence and severity of dental fluorosis among fish consuming population was recorded using Community Fluorosis Index. Statistical analysis was done using MedCalc v12.2.1.0 software. RESULTS: For Sea water fishes, the fluoride levels in bone were maximum in Indian Sardine (4.22 ppm). Amongst the river water fishes, the fluoride levels in bone were maximum in Catla (1.51 ppm). Also, the mean total fluoride concentrations of all the river fishes in skin, muscle and bone were less (0.86 ppm) as compared to the sea water fishes (2.59 ppm). It was unveiled that sea fishes accumulate relatively large amounts of Fluoride as compared to the river water fishes. The mean Community Fluorosis Index was found to be 1.06 amongst a sampled fish consuming population. Evaluation by Community Index for Dental fluorosis (CFI) suggested that fluorosis is of medium public health importance. CONCLUSION: It was analysed that bone tends to accumulate more amount of fluoride followed by muscle and skin which might be due to the increased permeability and chemical trapping of fluoride inside the tissues. The amount of fluoride present in the fishes is directly related to the severity of fluorosis amongst fish consuming population, suggesting fishes as a contributing factor to fluorosis depending upon the dietary consumption.
BACKGROUND:Fluoride in drinking water is known for both beneficial and detrimental effects on health. The principal sources of fluoride include water, some species of vegetation, certain edible marine animals, dust and industrial processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fluoride retention of most commonly consumed estuarinefishes among fish consuming population of Andhra Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the amount of fluoride retention due to ten most commonly consumed estuarinefishes as a contributing factor to Fluorosis by SPADNS Spectrophotometric method. The presence and severity of dental fluorosis among fish consuming population was recorded using Community Fluorosis Index. Statistical analysis was done using MedCalc v12.2.1.0 software. RESULTS: For Sea waterfishes, the fluoride levels in bone were maximum in Indian Sardine (4.22 ppm). Amongst the river waterfishes, the fluoride levels in bone were maximum in Catla (1.51 ppm). Also, the mean total fluoride concentrations of all the river fishes in skin, muscle and bone were less (0.86 ppm) as compared to the sea waterfishes (2.59 ppm). It was unveiled that sea fishes accumulate relatively large amounts of Fluoride as compared to the river waterfishes. The mean Community Fluorosis Index was found to be 1.06 amongst a sampled fish consuming population. Evaluation by Community Index for Dental fluorosis (CFI) suggested that fluorosis is of medium public health importance. CONCLUSION: It was analysed that bone tends to accumulate more amount of fluoride followed by muscle and skin which might be due to the increased permeability and chemical trapping of fluoride inside the tissues. The amount of fluoride present in the fishes is directly related to the severity of fluorosis amongst fish consuming population, suggesting fishes as a contributing factor to fluorosis depending upon the dietary consumption.
Authors: Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco; Nelly Molina-Frechero; Martina Nevárez-Rascón; Leonor Sánchez-Pérez; Aida Hamdan-Partida; Rogelio González-González; Diana Cassi; Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza; Ronell Bologna-Molina Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-01-04 Impact factor: 3.390