Michael Doose1,2, Marc Ziegenbein3, Olaf Hoos4, Dominik Reim4, Wojciech Stengert1, Niklas Hoffer1, Charlotte Vogel5, Yvonne Ziert5, Marcel Sieberer1. 1. a Department of Psychiatry , Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School , Germany. 2. b Department of Neurology , Klinikum Emden , Emden , Germany. 3. c KRH Psychiatrie Wunstorf und Langenhagen , Germany. 4. d Sports Center, Julius-Maximilians-University , Wuerzburg , Germany. 5. e Institute for Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School , Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the therapeutic effect of physical exercise for patients with unipolar depression. Participants took part in an 8-week walking/running aerobic exercise program at a local sports club. METHODS:Forty-six outpatients aged 18-65 years and diagnosed with mild to severe depression (ICD-10 criteria) were randomly assigned to an intervention group or wait list. Treatment as usual was continued. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) served as the main outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Fitness Index (FI), and VO(2) max as estimated by Urho Kaleka Kekkonen or UKK 2-km Walk Test. RESULTS: Out of forty-six participants, 24% dropped out. Participants attended 58% of exercise sessions. All randomized participants were included in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Analysis of covariance or ANCOVA showed a large reduction of depressive symptoms in HRSD-17 scores (Cohen's d: 1.8; mean change 8.2, p < .0001). BDI-II (Cohen's d: 0.50; mean change: 4.7, p = 0.09), FI scores (Cohen's d: 0.27; mean change: 5.3, p = 0.08), and VO2 max did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a large and clinically significant change in HRSD-17 scores. Moderate changes in BDI-II scores without clinical significance and small changes in physical fitness assessments were observed.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the therapeutic effect of physical exercise for patients with unipolar depression. Participants took part in an 8-week walking/running aerobic exercise program at a local sports club. METHODS: Forty-six outpatients aged 18-65 years and diagnosed with mild to severe depression (ICD-10 criteria) were randomly assigned to an intervention group or wait list. Treatment as usual was continued. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) served as the main outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Fitness Index (FI), and VO(2) max as estimated by Urho Kaleka Kekkonen or UKK 2-km Walk Test. RESULTS: Out of forty-six participants, 24% dropped out. Participants attended 58% of exercise sessions. All randomized participants were included in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Analysis of covariance or ANCOVA showed a large reduction of depressive symptoms in HRSD-17 scores (Cohen's d: 1.8; mean change 8.2, p < .0001). BDI-II (Cohen's d: 0.50; mean change: 4.7, p = 0.09), FI scores (Cohen's d: 0.27; mean change: 5.3, p = 0.08), and VO2 max did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a large and clinically significant change in HRSD-17 scores. Moderate changes in BDI-II scores without clinical significance and small changes in physical fitness assessments were observed.
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