Carolyn E Schwartz1,2, Armon Ayandeh3, Murali Ramanathan4,5, Ralph Benedict6, Michael G Dwyer7,8, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman9, Robert Zivadinov10,11. 1. DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA. carolyn.schwartz@deltaquest.org. 2. Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. carolyn.schwartz@deltaquest.org. 3. DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA. aayandeh@gmail.com. 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. Murali@Buffalo.edu. 5. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. Murali@Buffalo.edu. 6. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. benedict@buffalo.edu. 7. Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. mgdwyer@bnac.net. 8. Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. mgdwyer@bnac.net. 9. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. BWeinstock-Guttman@kaleidahealth.org. 10. Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. rzivadinov@bnac.net. 11. MR Imaging Clinical Translational Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. rzivadinov@bnac.net.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cognitive reserve has been implicated as a possible protective factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) but to date no study has compared reserve-building activities across disease course or to healthy controls. This study aims to describe differences in reserve-building activities across the MS disease course and healthy controls. METHODS: Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional cohort study that included 276 healthy controls, and subjects with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS; n = 67), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS; n = 358) and secondary progressive MS (PMS; n = 109). Past reserve-building activities were operationalized as occupational attainment and education. Current activities comprised 6 strenuous and 6 non-strenuous activities, including 5 reserve-building activities and television-watching. Multivariate Analysis of Variance models examined group differences in past and current activities, after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: There were group differences in past and current reserve-building activities. SPMS patients had lower past reserve-building activities than healthy controls. All forms of MS engaged in fewer strenuous current reserve-building pursuits than healthy controls. RRMS read less than healthy controls. SPMS engaged in fewer job-related non-strenuous activities. All MS groups watched more television than healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: MS patients show significantly fewer past and present reserve-building activities. Although it is difficult to establish causality without future prospective studies, lifestyle-modifying interventions should prioritize expanding MS patients' repertoire of strenuous and non-strenuous activities.
BACKGROUND: Cognitive reserve has been implicated as a possible protective factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) but to date no study has compared reserve-building activities across disease course or to healthy controls. This study aims to describe differences in reserve-building activities across the MS disease course and healthy controls. METHODS: Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional cohort study that included 276 healthy controls, and subjects with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS; n = 67), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS; n = 358) and secondary progressive MS (PMS; n = 109). Past reserve-building activities were operationalized as occupational attainment and education. Current activities comprised 6 strenuous and 6 non-strenuous activities, including 5 reserve-building activities and television-watching. Multivariate Analysis of Variance models examined group differences in past and current activities, after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: There were group differences in past and current reserve-building activities. SPMS patients had lower past reserve-building activities than healthy controls. All forms of MS engaged in fewer strenuous current reserve-building pursuits than healthy controls. RRMS read less than healthy controls. SPMS engaged in fewer job-related non-strenuous activities. All MS groups watched more television than healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: MS patients show significantly fewer past and present reserve-building activities. Although it is difficult to establish causality without future prospective studies, lifestyle-modifying interventions should prioritize expanding MS patients' repertoire of strenuous and non-strenuous activities.
Authors: R Cappellani; N Bergsland; B Weinstock-Guttman; C Kennedy; E Carl; D P Ramasamy; J Hagemeier; M G Dwyer; F Patti; R Zivadinov Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Date: 2013-12-12 Impact factor: 3.825
Authors: T Gabelic; D P Ramasamy; B Weinstock-Guttman; J Hagemeier; C Kennedy; R Melia; D Hojnacki; M Ramanathan; R Zivadinov Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Date: 2013-07-25 Impact factor: 3.825
Authors: Rachel E Klaren; Robert W Motl; Deirdre Dlugonski; Brian M Sandroff; Lara A Pilutti Journal: Arch Phys Med Rehabil Date: 2013-07-29 Impact factor: 3.966
Authors: Carolyn E Schwartz; Brian R Quaranto; Brian C Healy; Ralph H Benedict; Timothy L Vollmer Journal: Arch Phys Med Rehabil Date: 2013-05-28 Impact factor: 3.966
Authors: Tim A Ahles; Andrew J Saykin; Brenna C McDonald; Yuelin Li; Charlotte T Furstenberg; Brett S Hanscom; Tamsin J Mulrooney; Gary N Schwartz; Peter A Kaufman Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2010-09-13 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Carolyn E Schwartz; Michael G Dwyer; Ralph Benedict; Bianca Weinstock-Guttman; Niels P Bergsland; Jei Li; Murali Ramanathan; Robert Zivadinov Journal: BMC Neurol Date: 2016-07-19 Impact factor: 2.474