João Paulo Issa1, Miliane Gonzaga2, Bruna Gabriela Kotake2, Conrado de Lucia1, Edilson Ervolino3, Mamie Iyomasa4. 1. Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 2. Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 3. Department of Basic Science at the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil. 4. Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bone repair of critical size defects treated with autogenic, allogenic, or xenogenic bone grafts alone or in combination with rhBMP-2. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 112 rats, a critical bone defect of 5 mm bilaterally in the calvaria was made and filled with different bone grafts alone or combined with rhBMP-2: group autograft (AuG); group allograft (AlG); group xenograft (XeG); group AuG/BMP-2 (autograft and 5 μg rhBMP-2); group AlG/BMP-2 (allograft and 5 μg rhBMP-2); group XeG/BMP-2 (xenograft and 5 μg rhBMP-2); group BMP-2 (5 μg rhBMP-2); and control group, filled only with blood coagulum. After a period of 4 or 6 weeks, the animals were euthanized. Histological and histometric analyses were performed for new bone formation (NB), as well as the immunohistochemical detection of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and zymographic analysis (MMP) of type 2 and 9. RESULTS: Histological analysis showed the bone healing process was faster and favorable in AuG and AuG/BMP-2. In both periods, the grafted groups (AuG, XeG and AlG) had a greater volume of NB than the control group, which was even greater when combined with rhBMP-2. The XeG group showed a higher number of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts, and enzymatic activity revealed different levels of proMMP-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 (6 weeks). CONCLUSION: The different types of grafts increased bone formation, mainly associated with rhBMP-2, enhancing and accelerating the repair process. These groups had higher enzymatic indices than the control group especially with XeG, which also showed higher TRAP-positive multinucleated cells similar to osteoclasts, suggesting a remodeling process.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bone repair of critical size defects treated with autogenic, allogenic, or xenogenic bone grafts alone or in combination with rhBMP-2. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 112 rats, a critical bone defect of 5 mm bilaterally in the calvaria was made and filled with different bone grafts alone or combined with rhBMP-2: group autograft (AuG); group allograft (AlG); group xenograft (XeG); group AuG/BMP-2 (autograft and 5 μg rhBMP-2); group AlG/BMP-2 (allograft and 5 μg rhBMP-2); group XeG/BMP-2 (xenograft and 5 μg rhBMP-2); group BMP-2 (5 μg rhBMP-2); and control group, filled only with blood coagulum. After a period of 4 or 6 weeks, the animals were euthanized. Histological and histometric analyses were performed for new bone formation (NB), as well as the immunohistochemical detection of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and zymographic analysis (MMP) of type 2 and 9. RESULTS: Histological analysis showed the bone healing process was faster and favorable in AuG and AuG/BMP-2. In both periods, the grafted groups (AuG, XeG and AlG) had a greater volume of NB than the control group, which was even greater when combined with rhBMP-2. The XeG group showed a higher number of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts, and enzymatic activity revealed different levels of proMMP-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 (6 weeks). CONCLUSION: The different types of grafts increased bone formation, mainly associated with rhBMP-2, enhancing and accelerating the repair process. These groups had higher enzymatic indices than the control group especially with XeG, which also showed higher TRAP-positive multinucleated cells similar to osteoclasts, suggesting a remodeling process.
Authors: Fangjun Liu; James W Wells; Ryan M Porter; Vaida Glatt; Zhenxin Shen; Martina Schinhan; Alan Ivkovic; Mark S Vrahas; Christopher H Evans; Elisabeth Ferreira Journal: J Orthop Res Date: 2016-04-25 Impact factor: 3.494