Australian Allograpta Osten Sacken (Diptera, Syrphidae).

Allograptaterraenovae sp. n. and Allograptanotiale sp. n. are described from Australia. Notes on the Australian species of Allograpta and an identification key to them are also given. The lectotype of Allograptajavana Wiedemann is designated, and the species Syrphuspallidus Bigot is synonymized under Allograptaaustralensis (Schiner).

Introduction

Osten Sacken, 1875 (, ) is a world-wide genus with its greatest diversity in the Neotropics (Thompson et al. 2010). Adult flies are pollinators and flower visitors and larvae are mostly predators of soft-bodied (Rojo et al. 2003), although secondarily some species are phytophagous (Nishida et al. 2003, Zuijen and Nishida 2011, Weng and Rotheray 2009). The genus was recently reviewed (Mengual et al. 2009) and based on morphological characters and molecular evidence (Mengual et al. 2008a, 2008b, 2012), six different genera are currently recognized instead of the previous subgenera (Thompson 2012).

Only three species were known for the Australian fauna, Carver, 2003, (Schiner, 1868) and (Bigot, 1884) (Mengual et al. 2009), but no key or review of these has been published. The aim of the present work is to review the Australian species of this flower fly genus and to describe two new species.

Material and methods

New species are described in full, following the terminology by Thompson (1999). The holding collection of each specimen is indicated between square brackets after the label information. The abbreviations used for collections follow the standard of the Systema Dipterorum (Thompson 2013), and their equivalents are given below:

ANIC

Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra City, Australia.

AMS

Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.

CNC

Canadian National Collections of Insects, Ottawa, Canada.

NMW

Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria.

QM

Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia.

USNM

National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., United States of America.

UMO

University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom.

ZMUC

Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

ZFMK

Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany.

Italics in the description of type labels denote handwriting, the contents of each label is enclosed within double quotation (“ ”), and the individual lines of data are separated by a double forward slash ( // ). All measurements are in mm and were taken using a reticule in a Leica M165 C microscope (Wetzlar, Hesse, Germany). Photographs were composed using the software Zerene Stacker 1.04 (Richland, Washington, USA) based on images of pinned specimens taken with a Canon EOS 7D mounted on a P–51 Cam-Lift (Dun Inc., Virginia, USA) and the help of Adobe Lightroom (version 5.6) (San Jose, California, USA). Distribution maps were created using SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010).

Australian species of

Carver, 2003

Figure 1 , 17

Figures 1–8.

Australian species: 1 , male, dorsal 2–4 : 2 male, dorsal 3 male, lateral 4 male, frontal 5–8 sp. n.: 5 male (holotype), lateral 6 male (holotype), frontal 7 female (paratype), lateral 8 female (paratype), frontal. Scale for lateral and dorsal views: 2 mm. Scale for frontal views: 1 mm.

Figures 17–18.

Distribution of the Australian species: 17 (pink circles) and (green inverted triangles) 18 sp. n. (orange triangles) and (blue circles).

Carver in

Diagnosis.

Face straight, with large tubercle; oral opening about 2 times as long as wide, with oral apex at level of antennal base; antennal pits confluent; plumula absent; subscutellar pile fringe absent; wing broadly bare basomedially, with apical dark macula; alula broad, as broad as cell bm; metasternum bare; abdomen elongate.

Biology.

Carver reared her species from maggots preying on the whitefly species (Maskell, 1896) (, ) (Carver and Thompson 2003).

Distribution.

Australia (New South Wales, Queensland); Fig. 17.

(Schiner, 1868)

Figures 2–4 , 17

Schiner, 1868: 347. Type-locality: Australia, Sydney [HT female, NMW]. Holotype presumably lost (

Bigot, 1884: 93. Type-locality: “Australie” [HT male, UMO].

:

(Wiedemann, 1824) of Australian authors; Hardy, 1933: 13 (as

:

:

Diagnosis

(modified from Vockeroth 1971). Face produced forward below, ventral margin of head long and oblique; yellow maculae of 2nd tergum (sometimes fused in female) narrowed laterally but extending narrowly to margins of tergum; yellow fasciae of 3rd and 4th terga strongly narrowed laterally and not extending to margins of terga; apex of metafemur and broad base and apex of metatibia brown to yellow-brown or black, the yellow annulus (ring) at middle of metatibia very poorly defined (some males without annulus).

Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Norfolk Island); Fig. 17.

In the ANIC collection, there is a series of males and females collected as larvae on flowers of .

Remarks.

The holotype of Bigot was examined and was found to be the same species as Schiner.

(Wiedemann, 1824)

Wiedemann, 1824: 34. Type-locality: Indonesia, Java [LT here designated, NMW].

:

:

: Bezzi, 1928: 73 (descr. (A, P), distr.);

:

:

:

:

(modified from Vockeroth 1971). Face nearly vertical, ventral margin of head shorter and more nearly horizontal; yellow maculae of 2nd tergum (usually fused in female) and yellow fasciae of 3rd and 4th terga not narrowed laterally, extending to margins of terga in their full width; apex of metafemur and broad base and apex of metatibia dark brown to black, the yellow annulus at middle of metatibia sharply defined.

India, Sri Lanka, north to Mongolia, China, Korea, Primorye (Primorsky Krai, Russia) and Japan, east to New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Fiji.

(Wiedemann) was confused with (Schiner) until Vockeroth (1971) separated the two. All material we have examined is of and undescribed species, so the status of the in Australia is still dubious (Vockeroth also did not know from Australia). is similar to in that the katepimeron is yellow, but differs from in the vertical face, not projecting anteriorly (Vockeroth 1971: 1629, figures 1 and 2); abdominal fasciae not narrowed laterally and extending to margins in their fullest widest and the yellow medial annulus on metatibia distinct. Other morphological characters to distinguish these two species are: anepimeron black in , including dorsomedial portion of anepimeron (dorsomedial anepimeron yellow in ); male frons yellow pilose in (mainly black pilose with some yellow pili in ); male with occiput yellow pilose in (male with occiput black pilose on dorsal 1/3 and yellow pilose on basal 2/3 in ); and usually metabasitarsomere pale in (metabasitarsomere dark in ).

is a species complex, whose components probably should be recognized as full species. In at least eastern New Guinea and throughout Oceania, the face is entirely yellow [ (Kertész, 1899: 177)], whereas the western component always has a broad black medial vitta (typic form). In Oceania, Bezzi (1928: 74) and Hull (1944: 52) are related more closely to (typic form) than to , as they retain the black facial vitta.

Zimsen (1954: 19) mentions that there was no type specimen in the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen (ZMUC) or in Vienna (NMW), but Groll (2013) indicates that some and of the Wiedemann collection went to Vienna via W. von Winthem. At NMW, there is a pinned male labelled: “Java // Coll. Winthem” “ // det. Wiedem.” “ // Java” “LECTOTYPE // // // WIEDEMANN // K. Ghorpade des. 1983” [red] “LECTOTYPE // // // des. X. Mengual 2014” [red]. We do agree with Ghorpadé in considering this specimen as part of the type series studied by Wiedemann. This specimen is here designated as the lectotype to fix and ensure the universal and consistent interpretation of the name.

Thompson sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/FAA81060-E319-4773-8F12-D8D9EA4D3BAB

Figures 5–8 , 9 , 11 , 18

Figures 9–16.

Australian species: 9 sp. n., female (paratype), dorsal 10 sp. n., male (holotype), dorsal 11 sp. n., male (holotype), dorsal 12–16 sp. n.: 12 female (paratype), dorsal 13 male (holotype), frontal 14 female (paratype), frontal 15 female (paratype), lateral 16 male (holotype), lateral. Scale for lateral and dorsal views: 2 mm. Scale for frontal views: 1 mm.

88–13 Thompson in

Type locality.

AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Jowalbinna, 6.7 km west of, 15°45'S, 144°12'E.

Types.

Holotype male labelled: “6.7 km W ‘Jowalbinna’ // H.S., Qld 15°45'S, 144°12'E // 11 May 1989 // G. and A. Daniels” “Australian Museum // K402264” “Holotype // // nsp. 88–13 // Thompson” [red] “HOLOTYPE // // // Thompson 2014” [red] [AMS].

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA, NEW SOUTH WALES: Marsfield, vii.1976, C.E. Chadwick [1♀ AMS; AMK 404830]; Mooney Mooney Creek near Gosford, 3.xii.1976, D.K. McAlpine [1♀ USNM; AMK 410638]. QUEENSLAND: 6.7 km West of ‘Jowalbinna’ H.S., 15°45'S, 144°12'E, 11.v.1989, G. & A. Daniels [1♂ AMS; AMK 402265]; Brisbane, 7.ix.1927, J. Mann [1♀ QM; UQIC 220474]; Brisbane, C. Deane [1♀ QM; UQIC 220475]; Brisbane, 10.x.1916, H. Hacker PageBreakPageBreak[1♀ QM; UQIC 222111]; Brisbane, C.F. Ashby [2♂ 2♀ ANIC; ANIC 33153]; Bundaberg, viii.1971, H. Frauca [1♂ ANIC; ANIC 33157]; 2 miles North of Bundaberg, 26.vi.1971, Tea-tree swamp, H. Frauca [1♀ ANIC; ANIC 33159]; 14 km West by North Hope Vale Mission, 4.v.1981, D.H. Colless [1♀ ANIC; ANIC 33160]; 20 miles South of Ingham, 1.ix.1956, C. Deane [2♀ QM; UQIC 220476, 220477]; 3km S Mt Spurgeon, 1100 m., 20–22.xi.1997, C. Burwell, open forest [1♀ QM, UQIC 221457]; 7–14 miles West of Herberton, via Watsonville, 1.v.1967, D.H. Colless [1♀ ANIC; ANIC 33154]; Brisbane, 25.x.1953, F.M. Hull [2♂ CNC]; Flinders Mem. Park, 23.v.1968, J.W. Boyes [1♂ CNC; USNM ENT00249235]; Brisbane, Toowong, 26.v.1968, J.W. Boyes [1♀ CNC]; Bluff Range, near Biggenden, ca. 2750 ft., v.1971, H. Frauca [1♀ ANIC]; Atherton, 3–18.xi.1972, A.M. Hemmingsen [1♂ ZMUC]; Carnarvon Stn, nr Piebald Spring (CN1M1), 821 m., 13.xii.2010–15.vi.2011, C. Zwick & C. Wilson, malaise trap, / in rocky gully [1♀ QM; UQIC 222109]; Dunk Island, 25.viii.1927 [2♀ QM; UQIC 222110, 220478]; Great Sandy National Park, Cooloola Section, 1–5.x.1996, Winterton, D.K. Yeates, C. Lambkin, malaise trap [1♀ QM; UQIC 220473]; Mandalay Point, Great Barrier Reef, 13.viii.1986, De Beer [1♂ QM; UQIC 220479]; Mount Glorious, 6.xi.1965, C.F. Ashby [1♂ 1♀ ZFMK, 1♂ ANIC, 1♂ USNM; ANIC 33152, USNMENT 01028878]; Mount Glorious, 8.xi.1965, J.K. Guyomar [2♂ ANIC; ANIC 33156]; Mount Glorious Scrub Creek Road, Brisbane Forest Park, 17–24.x.1997, N. Power, malaise trap [1♂ QM; UQIC 220471]; Mt. Abbott, upper slopes, 700–900 m., 10–12.iv.1997, C. Burwell [2♂ 5♀ QM; UQIC 221451, 221452, 221447, 221448, 221450, 221454, 221456; 2♀ ZFMK; UQIC 221449, 221453]; Mt. Robert, 5km SW, 300 m., 23.x.2000, S. Wright, brigalow [1♀ QM; UQIC 222112]; Petrie Park, Mayborough, 15.xi.1993, G. & A. Daniels [1♀ AMS; AMK 402262]; Samsonvale Cemetary, 9.vi.1996, S.G. Evans [1♀ QM; UQIC 221462]; Scrub Road, Brisbane Forest Park, 12–19.Ix.1997, S. Winterton, N. Power, D. White, malaise trap [1♀ QM; UQIC 220472]; The Blunder, 20.ix.1969, C.F. Ashby [1♀ ANIC; ANIC 33158]; Toomba, Site 1, 390 m., 14–15.xii.2006, S. Wright, rainforest/paddock edge [1♂ QM; UQIC 222113]; Undara Volcanic National Park, The Bluff, 19.vii.1998, J.& R. Skevington [2♂ QM; UQIC 220459, 220461; 1♂ ZFMK, UQIC 220460]; Undara Volcanic National Park, The Bluff, 770 m., 11.vi.1997, J.& R. Skevington, hilltop [6♂ QM; UQIC 220463, 220464, 220465, 220466, 220467, 220468, 220470; 1♂ ZFMK, UQIC 220462]; Hilltop ~21 km South of Coen, 14.137538°S, 143.240945°E, 945 m., 2.xii.2014, J.H., A.M. & A.W. Skevington [26♂ CNC; CNC373686, CNC373687, CNC373688, CNC373689, CNC373690, CNC373691, CNC373692, CNC373693, CNC373694, CNC373695, CNC373696, CNC373697, CNC373698, CNC373699, CNC373700, CNC373701, CNC373702, CNC373703, CNC373704, CNC373705, CNC373706, CNC373707, CNC373708, CNC373709, CNC373710, CNC373711]; Kroombit Tops National Park, hilltop, 24.44818°S, 150.93520°E, 21.xii.2014, J.H., A.M. & A.W. Skevington [4♂ CNC; CNC384420, CNC384422, CNC384423, PageBreakCNC384424]; Kroombit Tops National Park, hilltop, 24.448183°S, 150.935200°E, 22.xii.2014, J.H., A.M. & A.W. Skevington [1♂ CNC; CNC384468]; Sheoak Ridge Nature Reserve near Julatten, 16.645258°S, 145.403366°E, 7.xii.2014, J.H., A.M. & A.W. Skevington [3ex CNC; CNC371573, CNC371574, CNC371575]; Sheoak Ridge Nature Reserve near Julatten, Summit of hilltop in dry sclerophyll forest, 16.645258°S, 145.403367°E, 8.xii.2014, J.H. Skevington [34♂ CNC, 4♂ ZFMK, 4♂ USNM; CNC371588, CNC371589, CNC371590, CNC371591, CNC371592, CNC371593, CNC371594, CNC371595, CNC371596, CNC371597, CNC371598, CNC371599, CNC371600, CNC371601, CNC371602, CNC371603, CNC371604, CNC371605, CNC371606, CNC371607, CNC371608, CNC371609, CNC371610, CNC371611, CNC371612, CNC371613, CNC371614, CNC371615, CNC371616, CNC371617, CNC371618, CNC371619, CNC371620, CNC371621, CNC371622, CNC371623, CNC371624, CNC371625, CNC371626, CNC371627, CNC371628, CNC371629]; University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 16.viii.1994, G. Gordh, pupated 17.viii.1994, emerged 22.viii.1994 [1♂ QM; UQIC 220480]; Wilston, Brisbane, 28.vi.1998, S.G. Evans, pupated 2-3.vii.1998, emerged 10.vii.1998 [2♀ QM; UQIC 221460, 221461]; Wilston, Brisbane, 22.vi.1998, C.J. Burwell, on feeding on lerps [1♀ QM; UQIC 221463]; Eidsvold, xii.1922 [1♂ ANIC; ANIC 33155]; Kuranda, F. P. Dodd [1♂ USNM; USNMENT 01028922]; 52km SWbyS of Mt. Garnet, 700 m., 18.05°S, 144.52°E, 28.v.1977, I.F.B. Common & E.D. Edwards [1♀ USNM; USNMENT 01028948].

Species with metasternum pilose and katepimeron and coxae black. Very similar to sp. n., but sp. n. has yellow pilosity on postalar callus and occiput, and male frons is also yellow pilose, with a small medial brown macula dorsad to antennae.

Description.

Male. Head. Face yellow, with medial black vitta, shiny, yellow pilose; gena yellow on anterior 1/2, black posteriorly, yellow pilose; lunule yellow laterally, black medially; frontal triangle yellow except narrowly black immediately dorsad to lunule, shiny, yellow pilose; vertical triangle black, shiny, black pilose; occiput mostly black, yellow on ventral 1/9, white pilose on basal 2/3, and yellow pilose on dorsal 1/3; antenna orange, except basoflagellomere brownish black on dorsal 1/3, black pilose; arista brownish orange.

Thorax. Postpronotum yellow, shiny; propleuron black, sparsely silvery-white pollinose, white pilose; scutum black except broad yellow laterally, sparsely black pollinose, yellow pilose; postalar callus yellow, yellow pilose; scutellum yellow, black pilose; plumula orange; calypter light brownish except medial 1/3 of margin and fringe yellow; pleuron black except anepisternum yellow on posterior 2/3, katepisternum yellow on dorsal 1/3, and katatergum yellow on dorsal 4/5, sparsely silvery-white pollinose, white pilose; metasternum pilose. Legs: coxae black, sparsely silvery-white pollinose, white pilose; trochanters brownish black; pro- and mesofemora yellow, white pilose except black pilose on apical 1/3 dorsoposteriorly; metafemur yellow on basal 2/3, black apically, pale pilose basally, black pilose apically; pro- and mesotibiae yellow, yellow pilose; metatibia black, black pilose; tarsi brownish black, black pilose. Wing: PageBreakhyaline, bare on basal 2/3, microtrichose apically; microtrichose on apical 1/4 of cell r1, apical 1/2 cell r2+3, apical 2/3 of cell r4+5, apical 3/4 of cell dm, apical 1/2 of cell cup, and broadly along posterior margins of alula and anal lobe.

Abdomen. 1st tergum yellow except narrowly black on apical margin, yellow pilose; 2nd tergum black except for large yellow medial fascia, which may be narrowly separated medially, shiny along basal and apical margins, black pollinose bordering yellow fascia, yellow pilose on basal 3/4, black pilose apically; 3rd and 4th terga black except for large arcuate yellow fascia, shiny along basal and apical margins, black pollinose bordering yellow fascia, black pilose; 5th tergum black, except for large triangular yellow maculae, black pilose; sterna yellow, white pilose except 4th sternum black pilose. Male genitalia black, shiny, black pilose.

Female. Similar to male except for normal sexual dimorphism and as follows: frons yellow laterally (about 1/4 of frons width) with a medial, broad, black vitta (about 1/2 of frons width); abdominal fascia narrower than in male, very narrow medially on terga 3 and 4 looking like two joined maculae.

Australia (New South Wales, Queensland); Fig. 18.

Etymology.

The specific epithet is derived from the combination of terra (land, earth) and nova (new), and it refers to Australia. Species epithet to be treated as an adjective.

There is a female with a puparium (AMK 404830) that was collected as a larva preying on Froggatt, 1901 (, ). Another female (UQIC 221463) was reared from a larva found feeding on lerps (, ) on .

Thompson sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/0AB09328-B716-4F48-8FDF-83CF3BB56F36

Figures 10 , 12–16 , 18

88–14 Thompson in

AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Collinsville, 20°33'S, 147°50'E.

Holotype male labelled: “Collinsville, Q. // 15–9–1950 // E.F.Riek.” “Australian // National // Insect // Collection” [green] “ // 88–14 // Det. X. Mengual, 2012” “ANIC Database No // 29 033161” “HOLOTYPE // // // Thompson 2014” [red] [ANIC].

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA, QUEENSLAND: Brisbane, 25.x.1953, F.M. Hull [1♂ CNC]; 18 miles North of Cairns, 13.v.1970, R. & J. Matthews [1♂ ZFMK, 1♂ ANIC; ANIC 33162]; 2 miles West of Kuranda, 7.v.1967, D.H. Colless [1♀ ANIC; ANIC 33163]; 7 km North North West of Coen, 17.iv.1989, G. & A. Daniels [1♀ AMS; AMK 402266]; Brisbane, C.F. Ashby [1♀ ZFMK]; Dunk Island, 25.viii.1927 [1♀ QM; UQIC 222114]; hut near East Claudie River, Iron Range National Park, 28.xii.1995, G. & A. Daniels [1♀ AMS; AMK 410379]; Eungella National Park, Chelmer'S, Road, 21.132822°S, 148.492683°E, 19.xii.2014, J.H., A.M. & A.W. SkPageBreakPageBreakevington [1♂ CNC; CNC384271]; Kuranda, F.P. Dodd [1♂ ANIC, 1♂ 2♀ USNM; ANIC 33166, USNMENT 01028912, 01028876, 01028865]; Leo Creek Roads, McIlwraith Range, 30 km Northeast of Coen, 500 m., 29.vi–4.vii.1976, C.B. & S.R. Monteith [1♀ QM; UQIC 220482]; Mount Glorious, 10.xi.1965, C.F. Ashby [1♀ ANIC; ANIC 33165]; Mount Glorious Scrub Creek Road, Brisbane Forest Park, 17–24.x.1997, N. Power, malaise trap [1♂ QM; UQIC 220481]; Shiptons, Flat, Roberts’ house, 250 m., 1.viii.2004, S. Wright, cleared paddocks [1♀ QM; UQIC 222115]; Shiptons Flat, 15.47°S, 145.14°E, 18.v.1981, D.H. Colless [1♂ USNM; USNMENT 01028856].

Male. Similar to except differs as follows: gena all black; occiput black pilose on dorsal 1/3; scutum shiny except sparsely pollinose on anterior margin, black pilose except yellow pilose on lateral yellow vitta; postalar callus mainly black pilose, with a few intermixed yellow pili anteriorly; calypter brownish black; abdominal fasciae narrower, with a linear posterior margin (not emarginated medially).

Female. Similar to male except for normal sexual dimorphism and as follows: frons yellow laterally (about 1/6 of frons width) with a medial, broad, black vitta (about 2/3 of frons width).

Australia (Queensland); Fig. 18.

The specific epithet is derived from the Latin notialis meaning southern (Brown 1956: 731), and it refers to Australia. Species epithet to be treated as an adjective.

1	Metasternum bare; wing with apical brown macula. Male genitalia large, visible from dorsal view (Fig. 1)	alamacula Carver
–	Metasternum pilose; wing without apical macula. Male genitalia smaller, usually underneath tergum 5th (Figs 2, 3, 5)	2
2	Katepimeron, coxae, pro- and mesotarsus yellow (Fig. 3)	australiensis (Schiner)
–	Katepimeron and coxae black; pro- and mesotarsus with apical tarsomeres dark brown to black (Figs 5, 7, 15, 16)	3
3	Postalar callus yellow pilose (Figs 5, 7, 9, 11); occiput yellow pilose (Figs 5–8); male frontal triangle yellow pilose (Figs 5, 6), with small medial brown macula dorsad to antenna (Fig. 6)	terraenovae sp. n.
–	Postalar callus partially black pilose (Figs 10, 12, 16); occiput black pilose on dorsal 1/3 (Figs 10, 13–16); male frontal triangle black pilose (Fig. 13), with large brown macula dorsad to antennae and reaching laterally around antenna (Fig. 13)	notiale sp. n.