Paolo Bossi1, Nabil F Saba2, Jan B Vermorken3, Primoz Strojan4, Laura Pala5, Remco de Bree6, Juan Pablo Rodrigo7, Fernando Lopez7, Ehab Y Hanna8, Missak Haigentz9, Robert P Takes10, Piet J Slootweg10, Carl E Silver9, Alessandra Rinaldo11, Alfio Ferlito12. 1. Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.bossi@istitutotumori.mi.it. 2. The Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. 3. Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. 4. Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia. 5. Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. 6. UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 7. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. 8. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA. 9. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. 10. Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 11. University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy. 12. International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Due to the rarity and the variety of histological types of sinonasal cancers, there is a paucity of data regarding strategy for their optimal treatment. Generally, outcomes of advanced and higher grade tumors remain unsatisfactory, despite the employment of sophisticated surgical approaches, technical advances in radiation techniques and the use of heavy ion particles. In this context, we critically evaluated the role of systemic therapy as part of a multidisciplinary approach to locally advanced disease. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy has shown encouraging activity and could have a role in the multimodal treatment of patients with advanced sinonasal tumors. For epithelial tumors, the most frequently employed chemotherapy is cisplatin, in combination with either 5-fluorouracil, taxane, ifosfamide, or vincristine. Only limited experiences with concurrent chemoradiation exist with sinonasal cancer. The role of systemic treatment for each histological type (intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, sinonasal primary mucosal melanoma, sarcoma) is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of SNC requires a multimodal approach. Employment of systemic therapy for locally advanced disease could result in better outcomes, and optimize the therapeutic armamentarium. Further studies are needed to precisely define the role of systemic therapy and identify the optimal sequencing for its administration in relation to local therapies.
PURPOSE: Due to the rarity and the variety of histological types of sinonasal cancers, there is a paucity of data regarding strategy for their optimal treatment. Generally, outcomes of advanced and higher grade tumors remain unsatisfactory, despite the employment of sophisticated surgical approaches, technical advances in radiation techniques and the use of heavy ion particles. In this context, we critically evaluated the role of systemic therapy as part of a multidisciplinary approach to locally advanced disease. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy has shown encouraging activity and could have a role in the multimodal treatment of patients with advanced sinonasal tumors. For epithelial tumors, the most frequently employed chemotherapy is cisplatin, in combination with either 5-fluorouracil, taxane, ifosfamide, or vincristine. Only limited experiences with concurrent chemoradiation exist with sinonasal cancer. The role of systemic treatment for each histological type (intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, sinonasal primary mucosal melanoma, sarcoma) is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of SNC requires a multimodal approach. Employment of systemic therapy for locally advanced disease could result in better outcomes, and optimize the therapeutic armamentarium. Further studies are needed to precisely define the role of systemic therapy and identify the optimal sequencing for its administration in relation to local therapies.
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