Ramzi Amri1, Liliana G Bordeianou1, Patricia Sylla1, David L Berger2. 1. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street 02114, Boston, MA, USA. 2. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street 02114, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: dberger@mgh.harvard.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: No consensus exists on the influence of active smoking on the baseline staging of colon cancer patients. METHODS: A cohort of colon cancer patients treated surgically at Massachusetts General Hospital (2004 to 2011) was reviewed. RESULTS: Of 1,071 patients, 563 reported ever smoking, among which 128 (12%) patients were current smokers. Ex-smokers and never smokers had similar rates of nodal (relative risk [RR] .9, P = .19) and metastatic disease (RR .96, P = .72), leading to comparable colon cancer-related mortality (RR 1.01, P = .95). Current smokers had similar rates of lymph node disease (RR 1.01, P = .88), but had significantly higher stage-adjusted odds of metastatic disease at presentation (odds ratio 2.57, 95% confidence interval 1.36 to 4.98, P = .005), in addition to higher stage-adjusted all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.44, P = .017). CONCLUSIONS: Active smoking was a stage-independent risk factor for baseline hematogenous metastasis and mortality. As this link was not present in former smokers, a potential healthcare benefit may be achieved in terms of baseline colon cancer presentation and outcomes through smoking cessation.
BACKGROUND: No consensus exists on the influence of active smoking on the baseline staging of colon cancerpatients. METHODS: A cohort of colon cancerpatients treated surgically at Massachusetts General Hospital (2004 to 2011) was reviewed. RESULTS: Of 1,071 patients, 563 reported ever smoking, among which 128 (12%) patients were current smokers. Ex-smokers and never smokers had similar rates of nodal (relative risk [RR] .9, P = .19) and metastatic disease (RR .96, P = .72), leading to comparable colon cancer-related mortality (RR 1.01, P = .95). Current smokers had similar rates of lymph node disease (RR 1.01, P = .88), but had significantly higher stage-adjusted odds of metastatic disease at presentation (odds ratio 2.57, 95% confidence interval 1.36 to 4.98, P = .005), in addition to higher stage-adjusted all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.44, P = .017). CONCLUSIONS: Active smoking was a stage-independent risk factor for baseline hematogenous metastasis and mortality. As this link was not present in former smokers, a potential healthcare benefit may be achieved in terms of baseline colon cancer presentation and outcomes through smoking cessation.
Authors: Paul W Tetteh; Kai Kretzschmar; Harry Begthel; Maaike van den Born; Jeroen Korving; Folkert Morsink; Henner Farin; Johan H van Es; G Johan A Offerhaus; Hans Clevers Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2016-10-05 Impact factor: 11.205